| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Troxerutin does not have a single specific molecular target but exerts its effects through multiple mechanisms. It is a potent antioxidant that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits the production of ROS. It also inhibits ER stress-mediated NOD activation. Troxerutin contributes to the reduction of red blood cell aggregation and enhances microvascular perfusion, beneficially affecting complications of chronic venous insufficiency. These multiple activities contribute to its beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, nervous system, and other tissues.
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| ln Vitro |
The outcomes shown that HDP cells experienced the highest level of defense against ROS-induced cell damage following 10 μM troxerutin repair. After being exposed to H2O2, treatment with H2O2 alone decreased cell viability to 77.33±2.44%; however, shaping with 10 μM Troxerutin kept cell viability at 90.88±2.24% (P<0.05). When Troxerutin was used for shaping, the number of cells in the sub-G1 phase decreased, indicating cell death, at concentrations of 5 and 10 μM. 3.58±0.15 and 0.89±0.11% of normal and Troxerutin-treated cells, respectively, were 2'7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) positive (P<0.05), but ROS levels rose to 46.36± 2.33%2 in H2O-treated cells. Following treatment with H2O2, the DCF of cells devoid of Troxerutin declined dramatically by 19.92±1.95%, suggesting that Troxerutin inhibited the generation of ROS in HDP cells caused by H2O2 [1].
In vitro, troxerutin has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. It inhibits the production of ROS and reduces oxidative stress in various cell types. It also inhibits platelet aggregation and improves erythrocyte deformability. In cell-based assays, troxerutin reduces the expression of inflammatory markers and protects cells from oxidative damage. Its effects on cell signaling pathways have been demonstrated in various cell lines. |
| ln Vivo |
Troxerutin treatment of mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) successfully lowers body weight and nutrition-related respiratory parameters. In HFD-treated mice, neck troxerutin can dramatically prevent liver damage, improve insulin signaling and poor stress, and lessen HFD-treated Troxerutin strongly suppresses the nuclear translocation of target genes and NF-κB p65. expression in the heart after an HFD. Troxerutin also prevents the myocardium fed with high-fat diet from being activated by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the oligomerization domain (NOD). Compared to diabetes without treatment, troxerutin addresses oligomeric domains in the diabetes's media and intima. Compared to diabetes aorta histology that was not treated, there was a significant decrease in structural activation and smooth muscle cell effects in diabetic aortic tissue treated with troxerutin. Malonaldehyde (MDA) levels were considerably lower after 4 weeks of Troxerutin administration in diabetic arteries as compared to untreated diabetes (P<0.01) [3].
In vivo, troxerutin has been shown to have beneficial effects in animal models of various diseases. It reduces blood glucose levels, plasma triglyceride levels, heart rate, and blood pressure in diabetic models. It also reduces protein carbonyl, reactive oxygen species, and advanced glycation end products levels, and attenuates oxidative stress and cognitive impairment. It improves capillary perfusion and nutritional complications of stasis and chronic venous insufficiency. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme or receptor binding (non-cell) assays for troxerutin are not typically performed, as it does not have a single specific target. However, its antioxidant activity can be assessed using cell-free assays, such as the DPPH radical scavenging assay or the ABTS radical scavenging assay. Its ability to inhibit advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation can be assessed using a fluorescence-based assay. These assays help to characterize the compound's biochemical properties.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for troxerutin are performed using various cell lines, including endothelial cells, neurons, and immune cells. Cells are treated with the compound, and oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell viability are assessed. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels are measured using fluorescent dyes. The expression of inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant enzymes is measured by qPCR or ELISA. The compound's effects on cell signaling pathways are analyzed by Western blotting.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for troxerutin are conducted using rodent models of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. The compound is administered orally or intraperitoneally. Blood glucose, lipid levels, blood pressure, and heart rate are measured. Cognitive function is assessed using behavioral tests. Oxidative stress and inflammation are evaluated in tissue samples. These studies demonstrate the compound's potential therapeutic benefits.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of troxerutin indicate that it is well-absorbed after oral administration. The compound has a molecular weight of 742.68 and a molecular formula of C33H42O19. It is a solid powder. It is soluble in water, glycerol, and propylene glycol, but practically insoluble in cold ethanol, methanol, ether, benzene, and chloroform. The compound is metabolized in the liver and excreted renally. Its half-life is relatively short.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicology (toxicology) data for troxerutin indicate that it is generally well-tolerated. It has a low toxicity profile, and no significant adverse effects have been reported at therapeutic doses. It is not genotoxic, carcinogenic, or teratogenic. The compound is used as a dietary supplement and as a pharmaceutical agent for the treatment of venous disorders. Common side effects are rare and may include mild gastrointestinal disturbances.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Troxerutin has been used in trials to study the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency.
Other information: Troxerutin is a flavonoid used for the treatment of venous disorders and as a dietary supplement. It is a trihydroxyethylated derivative of rutin. The compound is also known as vitamin P4. Its CAS number is 7085-55-4. |
| Molecular Formula |
C33H42O19
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
742.68
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| Exact Mass |
742.232
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| CAS # |
7085-55-4
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| PubChem CID |
5486699
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.7±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
1058.4±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
168 - 176ºC
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| Flash Point |
332.0±27.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.690
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| LogP |
-0.32
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
10
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
19
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
15
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| Heavy Atom Count |
52
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| Complexity |
1170
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
10
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| SMILES |
C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)OCCO)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)OCCO)OCCO)O)O)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
IYVFNTXFRYQLRP-VVSTWUKXSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C33H42O19/c1-14-23(38)26(41)28(43)32(49-14)48-13-21-24(39)27(42)29(44)33(51-21)52-31-25(40)22-17(37)11-16(45-7-4-34)12-20(22)50-30(31)15-2-3-18(46-8-5-35)19(10-15)47-9-6-36/h2-3,10-12,14,21,23-24,26-29,32-39,41-44H,4-9,13H2,1H3/t14-,21+,23-,24+,26+,27-,28+,29+,32+,33-/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
2-[3,4-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-5-hydroxy-7-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one
|
| Synonyms |
Helveton; Flebil; Factor P-zyma
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~134.65 mM)
H2O : ≥ 50 mg/mL (~67.32 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.37 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.37 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.37 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 24 mg/mL (32.32 mM) in 0.5% CMC-Na/saline water (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.3465 mL | 6.7324 mL | 13.4647 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2693 mL | 1.3465 mL | 2.6929 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1346 mL | 0.6732 mL | 1.3465 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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