| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors . [1]
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In Atropa belladonna root cultures overexpressing tropinone reductase I (TRI), tropine levels increased significantly. For example, root line 1-2 showed high tropine accumulation, and over 85% of tropinone was reduced to tropine in protein extracts from this line. [2]
In these TRI-overexpressing root lines, increased tropine formation was correlated with a 3-fold increase in hyoscyamine and a 5-fold increase in scopolamine, while calystegine levels decreased by 30-90% compared to controls. [2] In contrast, overexpression of tropinone reductase II (TRII) led to increased pseudotropine and calystegine accumulation, with tropine levels remaining low or unchanged. [2] |
| Enzyme Assay |
Tropinone reductase activity was measured spectrophotometrically. The assay mixture contained 5 mM tropinone as substrate and 0.2 mM NADPH as co-substrate in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.2). The decrease in NADPH absorption was measured at 340 nm and 30°C. A blank assay without tropinone was used for comparison. Total protein was quantified using a dye-binding method with bovine serum albumin as standard. [2]
To specifically measure TRI activity (which produces tropine), 3-quinuclidinone (5 mM) was used as a substrate, as it is reduced by TRI but not by TRII from A. belladonna. The reduction was measured via NADPH consumption as described above. [2] For product determination, protein extracts were incubated with 5 mM tropinone and a NADPH regenerating system (1 mM glucose-6-phosphate, 0.5 mM NADP, and 2 units glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) for 2 hours at 30°C. The reaction was stopped with 26% ammonia, and the products (tropine, pseudotropine) were extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography. [2] |
| Cell Assay |
Atropa belladonna root cultures were used. Roots were cultured in Gamborg's B5 liquid medium with 40 mg/L ampicillin on a gyratory shaker (100 rpm, 22°C) in the dark, and subcultured every 28 days. For alkaloid analysis, 31-day-old root cultures were harvested. [2]
Transgenic root lines were generated using Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain 15834 carrying binary plasmids with cDNA for tropinone reductase I or II under the CaMV 35S promoter. Roots were selected on medium containing kanamycin (50 mg/L). Successful transformation was confirmed by PCR and dot blot analysis. [2] Total RNA was isolated from 14-day-old root cultures using a reagent. RNA (20 μg) was separated on a 1.2% formaldehyde-agarose gel and blotted onto a membrane. Northern blots were hybridized with radiolabeled cDNA probes for TRI or TRII. Equal loading was confirmed by rehybridization with an 18S rRNA probe. [2] |
| References |
|
| Additional Infomation |
Tropine is a derivative of tropane, with a hydroxyl group at the 3-position. It is a mouse metabolite and the conjugate base of tropinium. It has been reported that tropine is present in datura, and relevant data are available for reference.
Tropine (3α-hydroxytropane) is a tropane alkaloid and a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of medicinal tropane alkaloids like hyoscyamine and scopolamine. It is formed from tropinone by the enzyme tropinone reductase I (TRI). [1, 2] In Atropa belladonna root cultures, tropine is esterified with tropic acid to form hyoscyamine, which can be further hydroxylated and epoxidized to scopolamine. [2] Synthetic derivatives of tropine, such as tropisetron (a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used as an antiemetic), benztropine (an antiparkinson agent), and ipratropium bromide (a bronchodilator), have important clinical applications. [1] The quaternary ammonium salts of tropine derivatives (e.g., ipratropium bromide, tiotropium bromide) are designed to be more polar, limiting their central nervous system penetration and reducing central side effects. [1] |
| Molecular Formula |
C8H15NO
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
141.214
|
| Exact Mass |
141.115
|
| CAS # |
120-29-6
|
| PubChem CID |
449293
|
| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
233.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
50-60 °C(lit.)
|
| Flash Point |
112.5±14.5 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.526
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| LogP |
-0.1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
10
|
| Complexity |
123
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
|
| SMILES |
CN1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)O
|
| InChi Key |
CYHOMWAPJJPNMW-RNLVFQAGSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H15NO/c1-9-6-2-3-7(9)5-8(10)4-6/h6-8,10H,2-5H2,1H3/t6-,7+,8-
|
| Chemical Name |
1-alpha-H,5-alpha-H-Tropan-3-alpha-ol
|
| Synonyms |
Tropine NSC-43870 NSC43870NSC 43870
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~708.17 mM)
H2O : ~50 mg/mL (~354.08 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (17.70 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (17.70 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (17.70 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 7.0817 mL | 35.4083 mL | 70.8165 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.4163 mL | 7.0817 mL | 14.1633 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7082 mL | 3.5408 mL | 7.0817 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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