| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Targets |
Trofosfamide is a prodrug that, after metabolic activation, forms DNA cross-linking agents. Its active metabolite, phosphoramide mustard, alkylates DNA at the N7 position of guanine, forming interstrand and intrastrand cross-links. This DNA damage inhibits DNA replication and transcription, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The compound is a cell cycle phase-nonspecific alkylating agent, meaning it can kill cells in any phase of the cell cycle. Its mechanism of action is similar to that of other nitrogen mustard alkylating agents, such as cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, trofosfamide has been shown to have anti-proliferative activity against various cancer cell lines. It increases the number of micronucleated cells, indicating its ability to cause DNA damage. The compound's activity is dependent on its metabolic activation to ifosfamide and subsequently to phosphoramide mustard. In cell-based assays, its effects on cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis are measured.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, trofosfamide has been studied in clinical trials for the treatment of various cancers. It is an orally bioavailable alkylating agent, which offers the advantage of oral administration compared to intravenous cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide. Its efficacy has been evaluated in patients with ependymomas, medulloblastomas, sarcomas, soft tissue sarcomas, supratentorial PNETs, and recurrent brain tumors.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme or receptor binding (non-cell) assays for trofosfamide are not applicable, as it is a prodrug that requires metabolic activation. However, its metabolism to ifosfamide can be studied using liver microsomes or purified cytochrome P450 enzymes, such as CYP3A4 and CYP2B6. The alkylating activity of its active metabolites can be assessed by measuring the formation of DNA adducts using biochemical methods, such as 32P-postlabeling or mass spectrometry.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for trofosfamide are performed using various cancer cell lines. Cells are treated with the compound, and cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis are assessed using standard assays. The compound's ability to induce DNA damage is measured by assessing the formation of micronuclei or by using the comet assay. The effects on cell cycle progression are analyzed by flow cytometry.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for trofosfamide are conducted using mouse xenograft models of cancer. Mice bearing subcutaneous tumors are treated orally with the compound, and tumor volume is measured over time. The compound's effects on tumor growth and survival are evaluated. The pharmacokinetic profile and metabolic activation are also studied in animal models.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of trofosfamide indicate that it is orally bioavailable. The compound has a molecular weight of 323.58 and a molecular formula of C9H18Cl3N2O2P. It is a white to off-white solid. The compound is metabolized in the liver to ifosfamide, which is then further metabolized to the active alkylating species. The compound's oral bioavailability and metabolic activation are key features of its pharmacokinetic profile. It is excreted renally.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicology (toxicology) data for trofosfamide are similar to those of other nitrogen mustard alkylating agents. It is toxic if swallowed and may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure. Common side effects include myelosuppression (bone marrow suppression), nausea, vomiting, and alopecia (hair loss). It can also cause hemorrhagic cystitis, a serious side effect associated with the accumulation of acrolein, a metabolite of ifosfamide. The compound is a known carcinogen and mutagen. It is contraindicated in pregnancy and in patients with severe bone marrow suppression.
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| Additional Infomation |
Trifocilluxamide belongs to the ifosfamide class of drugs. Trifocilluxamide has been used in clinical trials for the treatment of ependymoma, medulloblastoma, sarcoma, soft tissue tumors, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET), and recurrent brain tumors. Trifocilluxamide is a highly bioavailable oral prodrug of oxazolium with antitumor activity. Trifocilluxamide (TFF) is primarily metabolized to the cyclophosphamide analog ifosfamide (IFO), which is then metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450 to the active ingredient isophosphoramide mustard (IPM). IPM can alkylate DNA to form DNA-DNA crosslinks, thereby inhibiting the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins, ultimately leading to tumor cell apoptosis.
Other information: Trofosfamide is an orally active alkylating agent used in the treatment of various cancers. It is a prodrug of ifosfamide. The compound is also known as Z-4828. Its CAS number is 22089-22-1. |
| Molecular Formula |
C9H18CL3N2O2P
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
323.58418
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| Exact Mass |
322.017
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| CAS # |
22089-22-1
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| PubChem CID |
65702
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
393.7±52.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
191.9±30.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.9 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.519
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| LogP |
1.77
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
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| Heavy Atom Count |
17
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| Complexity |
265
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
ClCCN(P1(OCCCN1CCCl)=O)CCCl
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| InChi Key |
UMKFEPPTGMDVMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H18Cl3N2O2P/c10-2-6-13-5-1-9-16-17(13,15)14(7-3-11)8-4-12/h1-9H2
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| Chemical Name |
N,N,3-tris(2-chloroethyl)-2-oxo-1,3,2λ5-oxazaphosphinan-2-amine
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| Synonyms |
Genoxal Trofosfamida; Ixoten; Trofosfamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~309.04 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.73 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.73 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.73 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.0904 mL | 15.4521 mL | 30.9043 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6181 mL | 3.0904 mL | 6.1809 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3090 mL | 1.5452 mL | 3.0904 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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