| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg | |||
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| Targets |
Trifolirhizin targets tyrosinase, the key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, with an IC₅₀ of 506 μM. It also modulates inflammatory and immune responses, contributing to its anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. The compound can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and modulate immune responses. Its hepatoprotective and neuroprotective effects are mediated through reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling. As a pterocarpan flavonoid, trifolirhizin interacts with multiple cellular pathways involved in melanin synthesis, inflammation, and cancer. The compound's ability to modulate immune responses suggests potential applications in immunotherapy and autoimmune diseases.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies have demonstrated that Trifolirhizin is an efficient inhibitor of tyrosinase, with an IC₅₀ of 506 μM. It exerts cytotoxicity on several cancer cell lines, inhibits tumor cell proliferation, and induces apoptosis. The compound exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by modulating inflammatory signaling pathways. It also demonstrates antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effects by reducing oxidative stress. The compound's ability to modulate immune responses suggests potential applications in immunotherapy and autoimmune diseases. Its hepatoprotective properties further expand its potential therapeutic applications.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Trifolirhizin has demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Its hepatoprotective and neuroprotective properties have been observed in animal models, where it reduces oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling. The compound's ability to inhibit tumor cell proliferation and induce apoptosis suggests potential for cancer therapy. However, comprehensive in vivo efficacy and safety studies are needed to fully evaluate its therapeutic potential. The compound's natural occurrence in Sophora flavescens, a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine, further supports its potential as a lead compound for drug development.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro non-cell enzyme/receptor binding assays for Trifolirhizin typically involve measuring tyrosinase inhibition activity. The compound is incubated with mushroom tyrosinase and a substrate such as L-DOPA or tyrosine, and the production of dopachrome is measured spectrophotometrically at 475 nm. IC₅₀ values are calculated from dose-response curves. The compound's antioxidant activity can be measured using DPPH, ABTS, or FRAP assays. Binding to inflammatory or immune targets can be assessed using ELISA-based assays or surface plasmon resonance. These assays provide quantitative data on the compound's direct interactions with its molecular targets.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Trifolirhizin use various cancer cell lines to study its antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. Cells are cultured in appropriate media and treated with varying concentrations of Trifolirhizin. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CCK-8 assays, and cell cycle analysis is performed by flow cytometry. Apoptosis is evaluated by Annexin V/PI staining. For anti-inflammatory studies, macrophages or other immune cells stimulated with LPS are used, and the production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) is measured by ELISA. The modulation of immune responses is assessed by measuring T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. Neuroprotective effects are studied in neuronal cell lines exposed to oxidative stress.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Trifolirhizin would likely employ models of cancer, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. For anticancer studies, xenograft models using various cancer cell lines can be used. The compound is administered orally or intraperitoneally, and tumor growth is monitored. For anti-inflammatory studies, standard models such as carrageenan-induced paw edema or LPS-induced inflammation can be used. Parameters such as inflammatory cytokine levels, immune cell infiltration, and histopathology of inflamed tissues are assessed. For neuroprotective studies, models of oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration can be used, and parameters such as neuronal survival, oxidative stress markers, and behavioral outcomes are assessed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Trifolirhizin has a molecular weight of 446.40 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₂₂H₂₂O₁₀. It has a density of 1.6±0.1 g/cm³, a boiling point of 658.7±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg, and a melting point of 142-144°C. The compound has a LogP of 0.75, indicating moderate hydrophilicity. It has four hydrogen bond donors, ten hydrogen bond acceptors, and three rotatable bonds. The compound should be stored as a powder at -20°C for three years or at 4°C for two years, protected from light. It is soluble in DMSO and other organic solvents. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters have not been extensively characterized.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of Trifolirhizin has not been comprehensively evaluated in published studies. As a natural flavonoid from Sophora flavescens, which has a history of use in traditional medicine, it is generally considered to have low toxicity. No specific toxicity data, such as LD₅₀ values or organ-specific toxicity, have been reported in the available literature. The compound is classified as a research reagent and is not intended for human therapeutic use without further safety evaluation. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment and working in a well-ventilated area. The compound should be protected from light during transportation and storage.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Trifolirhizin is a type of pterostilbene compound. It has been reported that Trifolirhizin is found in licorice, Taiwan alkanet root, and other organisms with relevant data.
Trifolirhizin is a pterocarpan flavonoid extracted from the root of Sophora flavescens. It is also known as (-)-maackiain-3-O-glucoside, 三叶豆紫檀苷, and Sophojaponicin B1. The compound has efficient tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ of 506 μM. It has potential anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Trifolirhizin exerts varying degrees of inhibition on tyrosinase-dependent melanin biosynthesis, making it a candidate as a skin-whitening agent. The compound possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antiviral effects. It can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and modulate immune responses. It also demonstrates hepatoprotective and neuroprotective properties. Not approved for clinical use; intended for research purposes only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C22H22O10
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
446.4041
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| Exact Mass |
446.121
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| CAS # |
6807-83-6
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| PubChem CID |
442827
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
658.7±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
142-144ºC
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| Flash Point |
352.2±31.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.1 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.681
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| LogP |
0.75
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
10
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
32
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| Complexity |
679
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
7
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| SMILES |
C1[C@@H]2[C@H](C3=C(O1)C=C(C=C3)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)OC5=CC6=C(C=C25)OCO6
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| InChi Key |
VGSYCWGXBYZLLE-QEEQPWONSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H22O10/c23-6-17-18(24)19(25)20(26)22(32-17)30-9-1-2-10-13(3-9)27-7-12-11-4-15-16(29-8-28-15)5-14(11)31-21(10)12/h1-5,12,17-26H,6-8H2/t12-,17+,18+,19-,20+,21-,22+/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(1R,12R)-5,7,11,19-tetraoxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,10.04,8.013,18]icosa-2,4(8),9,13(18),14,16-hexaen-16-yl]oxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~224.01 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.60 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.60 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.60 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.2401 mL | 11.2007 mL | 22.4014 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4480 mL | 2.2401 mL | 4.4803 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2240 mL | 1.1201 mL | 2.2401 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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