| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 5g |
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Purity: ≥98%
Tretinoin (Ro-5488; Vitamin A acid; ATRA; TRA; alltrans vitamin A acid; All-trans Retinoic Acid; Avita; Renova; Aberel; Aknoten; RetinA), used to treat acne or other skin disease, is a naturally-occurring acid of retinol and a ligand for both the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoid X receptor (RXR). It can induce granulocytic differentiation and apoptosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells. Tretinoin binds to and activates retinoic acid receptors, thereby inducing changes in gene expression that lead to cell differentiation, decreased cell proliferation, and inhibition of tumorigenesis. This agent also inhibits telomerase, resulting in telomere shortening and eventual apoptosis of some tumor cell types.
| ln Vitro |
Retinoic acid, also known as all-trans retinoic acid, or ATRA, is a highly powerful derivative of vitamin A that is necessary for almost all vital physiological processes and functions. It plays a role in over 530 different genes' transcriptional control. The mechanism by which retinoic acid works is through its role as an activating ligand for the nuclear retinoic acid receptor (RARα-γ), which joins forces with the retinoic acid X receptor (RXRα-γ) to form a heterodimer[1]. With Kd values between 100 and 200 nM, retinoic acid (RA) binds to PPARα and PPARγ with low affinity. On the other hand, retinoic acid exhibits high affinity and isotype selectivity when it binds to PPARβ/δ, with a Kd of 17 nM [2]. The retinoic acid (RA) receptors RARα, RARβ, RARγ, and PPARβ/δ, as well as the retinoic acid-binding proteins CRABP-II and FABP5, are expressed by undifferentiated P19 cells. Induction of differentiation by treating cells with retinoic acid resulted in transitory overexpression of CRABP-II and downregulation of FABP5, which was detected at the relevant protein and mRNA levels. After an initial decline, FABP5 protein and mRNA levels climbed 2-2.5-fold in mature neurons compared with undifferentiated P19 cells. The levels of PPARβ/δ and RARα were not significantly impacted by the induction of differentiation. By day 4, RARγ mRNA levels declined nearly 5-fold and remained low in mature neurons [3]. Retinoic acid (RA) is a morphogen generated from retinol (vitamin A) that plays a crucial role in cell development, differentiation, and organogenesis. Retinoic acid interacts with retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoic acid X receptors (RXR) to modulate the expression of target genes [4].
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| ln Vivo |
After applying retinoic acid (GMP) at a concentration of 0.3 μM to embryos submerged in retinoic acid-containing tank water, zebrafish exhibit faster rod differentiation after 24 and 48 hours[6].
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| References |
[1]. Wu L, et al. Retinoid X Receptor Agonists Upregulate Genes Responsible for the Biosynthesis of All-Trans-Retinoic Acid in Human Epidermis. PLoS One. 2016 Apr 14;11(4):e0153556.
[2]. Shaw N, et al. Retinoic acid is a high affinity selective ligand for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta. J Biol Chem. 2003 Oct 24;278(43):41589-92. [3]. Yu S, et al. Retinoic acid induces neurogenesis by activating both retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ). J Biol Chem. 2012 Dec 7;287(50):42195-205. [4]. Kam RK, et al. Retinoic acid synthesis and functions in early embryonic development. Cell Biosci. 2012 Mar 22;2(1):11. [5]. Apfel C, et al. A retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist selectively counteracts retinoic acid effects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Aug 1;89(15):7129-33. [6]. Xiu Jun Wang, et al. Identification of retinoic acid as an inhibitor of transcription factor Nrf2 through activation of retinoic acid receptor alpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Dec 4;104(49):19589-94 |
| Molecular Formula |
C20H28O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
300.4
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| CAS # |
302-79-4
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| Related CAS # |
Retinoic acid-d5;78996-15-3;Retinoic acid;302-79-4;11-cis-Retinoic Acid-d5;Retinoic acid-d6;2483831-72-5
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| SMILES |
O=C(O)/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C
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| Synonyms |
All-trans Retinoic Acid; Ro 5488; Ro-5488; Vitamin A acid; ATRA; TRA; Ro5488; alltrans vitamin A acid; betaretinoic acid; retinoic acid; TRA; trans retinoic acid; trans vitamin A acid; tretinoinum; Trade names: Avita; Renova; Aberel; Aknoten; RetinA; RetinA MICRO; Vesanoid. Foreign brand names: Airol; Eudyna; RetisolA; StievaA; Cordes Vas; Dermairol; EpiAberel; StievaA Forte; Vitinoin
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
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| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.3289 mL | 16.6445 mL | 33.2889 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6658 mL | 3.3289 mL | 6.6578 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3329 mL | 1.6644 mL | 3.3289 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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