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| Targets |
The primary target of Tormentic Acid is the NF-κB signaling pathway. It suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-1β. Tormentic Acid also modulates glucose transporter 4 and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, contributing to its antihyperlipidemic effects. The compound exhibits a range of biological activities, including cytotoxicity against various human cancer cell lines such as K562.
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| ln Vitro |
In RAW 264.7 macrophages, Tormentic Acid suppresses LPS-induced production of iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-α via deactivating the nuclear factor-κb pathway [1]. Tormentic acid phosphorylates AMP-activated protein kinase and glucose transporter 4 to prevent diabetes and hyperlipidemia brought on by high-fat diets [2].
In vitro, Tormentic Acid suppresses high-fat diet-induced diabetes and hyperlipidemia by glucose transporter 4 and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. It exhibits cytotoxicity against various human cancer cell lines such as K562. Tormentic Acid inhibits the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and suppresses the NF-κB signaling pathway. It has anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidative, and anti-atherogenic activities. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Tormentic Acid has protective effects against lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice. It has been implicated as a potential therapeutic candidate for the prevention of APAP-induced liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. The compound also has anti-allodynic effects. Its extensive bioactivities suggest potential therapeutic applications in cancer treatment, HIV inhibition, inflammation reduction, neuroprotection, and hepatoprotection.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme or receptor binding assays for Tormentic Acid are not typically performed, as it does not have a single specific target. Its anti-inflammatory activity can be assessed by measuring the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in immune cells using ELISA. NF-κB activation can be assessed using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) or by measuring I-κBα phosphorylation. Antioxidant activity can be assessed using cell-free assays such as DPPH radical scavenging.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Tormentic Acid are performed using various cell lines, including cancer cells (K562) and immune cells. Cells are treated with the compound, and cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis are assessed using standard assays. The production of inflammatory cytokines is measured by ELISA. The compound's effects on NF-κB signaling and AMPK phosphorylation are assessed by Western blotting.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for Tormentic Acid are conducted using mouse models of liver injury and inflammation. The compound is administered orally or intraperitoneally. In the APAP-induced liver injury model, the compound's protective effects are assessed by measuring liver enzymes and histological analysis. In the LPS/D-galactosamine model, the compound's effects on fulminant hepatic failure are evaluated.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of Tormentic Acid indicate that it has a molecular weight of 472.70 and a molecular formula of C30H48O5. It is a triterpene isolated from various plants. The compound is typically stored under appropriate conditions for research use. Its anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, and anti-atherogenic properties have been characterized.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicology (toxicology) data for Tormentic Acid are limited. As a natural triterpene, it is generally considered safe at moderate doses. However, its safety profile in the context of therapeutic use requires further evaluation. The compound is for research use only and not for human therapeutic use.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Tormanic acid is a triterpenoid compound that acts as a metabolite. It has been reported in Rosa woodsii, Cotoneaster simonsii, and other organisms with available data. See also: Yuscafé acid (note moved here).
Other information: Tormentic Acid is also known as Jacarandic acid. It is a triterpene isolated from Rosa rugosa, Tormentil rhizomes, and other plants. The compound has anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, anti-atherogenic, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties. Its CAS number is 13850-16-3. |
| Molecular Formula |
C30H48O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
488.6991
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| Exact Mass |
488.35
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| CAS # |
13850-16-3
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| PubChem CID |
73193
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
602.7±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
332.3±28.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.9 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.580
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| LogP |
6.21
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
35
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| Complexity |
956
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
11
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| SMILES |
C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(C[C@H]([C@@H](C5(C)C)O)O)C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
OXVUXGFZHDKYLS-BLIWDXROSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C30H48O5/c1-17-10-13-30(24(33)34)15-14-27(5)18(22(30)29(17,7)35)8-9-21-26(4)16-19(31)23(32)25(2,3)20(26)11-12-28(21,27)6/h8,17,19-23,31-32,35H,9-16H2,1-7H3,(H,33,34)/t17-,19-,20+,21-,22-,23+,26+,27-,28-,29-,30+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(1R,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-1,10,11-trihydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~102.31 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.12 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.12 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.0462 mL | 10.2312 mL | 20.4625 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4092 mL | 2.0462 mL | 4.0925 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2046 mL | 1.0231 mL | 2.0462 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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