| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
TMA-DPH is a membrane fluidity probe that integrates into cell membranes. Its primary targets are the lipid bilayer regions of cellular membranes, where it anchors on the cell surface and localizes to different regions of the phospholipid bilayer. It does not target a specific protein receptor but rather partitions into membrane domains based on lipid composition and physical properties, allowing it to report on membrane order and dynamics.
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| ln Vitro |
TMA-DPH is quickly absorbed into the plasma membrane upon coming into contact with cells. Lysosomes and very acidic late endosomes are the sites of TMA-DPH concentration [1]. The TMA-DPH fluorescence lifetime exhibits a considerable decrease with increasing concentration, peaking at 6.2±0.2 ns, which is less than the same critical concentration of 2 μM. Above 5 μM, nevertheless, this decline becomes less rapid. The evolution of TMA-DPH fluorescence anisotropy and fluorescence lifespan are comparable. At 0.283±0.003 till 2 μM, it stays steady at first, but at higher concentrations it decreases more slowly, dropping quickly to 0.270±0.003 at 5 μM [2].
In vitro, TMA-DPH fluorescence lifetime remains constant at 6.2±0.2 ns below a critical concentration of 2 μM but decreases significantly at higher concentrations, with the rate of decrease slowing above 5 μM. Fluorescence anisotropy shows a similar trend, remaining constant at 0.283±0.003 below 2 μM, then rapidly dropping to 0.270±0.003 at 5 μM before continuing to decline at a slower rate at higher concentrations. These changes reflect alterations in membrane lipid packing and fluidity. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo applications of TMA-DPH are limited as it is primarily used as an in vitro research tool for membrane fluidity measurements. However, it can be applied in ex vivo tissue studies where membrane preparations are isolated from animals following treatment. The probe has been used to assess membrane dynamics in various biological systems, providing insights into how pathological conditions or drug treatments affect membrane physical properties in living organisms.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cell enzyme/receptor binding assays, TMA-DPH is used in artificial membrane systems such as liposomes or lipid bilayers to measure membrane fluidity. The probe is dissolved in an appropriate solvent (e.g., DMSO) and incorporated into lipid vesicles at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 μM. Fluorescence polarization is measured at excitation 355 nm and emission 430 nm using a spectrofluorometer equipped with polarization filters. The anisotropy values are calculated to assess membrane order and fluidity in the absence of cellular components.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based assays, TMA-DPH is dissolved in DMSO to prepare a stock solution of 10-20 μM. Cells are incubated with 0.1-2 μM TMA-DPH for 15-30 minutes to allow uniform incorporation into the plasma membrane. Fluorescence polarization measurements are performed using a fluorescence polarization instrument with excitation at 355 nm and emission at 430 nm. Polarization values are recorded at different time points or under various conditions to analyze changes in cell membrane fluidity. Higher polarization values indicate more rigid (less fluid) membranes.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, TMA-DPH is typically formulated in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween-80 + 45% saline at a concentration of 1.67 mg/mL (3.62 mM) with sonication recommended. The probe can be administered to animals via appropriate routes for ex vivo membrane fluidity analysis in harvested tissues. Following administration, tissues are collected and membrane preparations are isolated for fluorescence polarization measurements to assess the effects of treatments on membrane physical properties.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
TMA-DPH is a small hydrophobic molecule with a molecular weight of 461.62 g/mol. It is soluble in DMSO at 55 mg/mL (119.15 mM) with sonication recommended. The probe is rapidly absorbed into plasma membranes upon contact with cells. For in vivo formulation, it can be prepared in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween-80 + 45% saline. The compound should be stored as powder at -20°C for up to 3 years or in solvent at -80°C for long-term storage.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
TMA-DPH is intended for research use only and is not approved for human therapeutic use. Toxicity data are limited as it is used as a research probe rather than a drug. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound. It is not classified as a hazardous substance for routine laboratory handling, but appropriate personal protective equipment should be used. The probe shows concentration-dependent effects on membrane properties at higher concentrations (>2 μM).
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
TMA-DPH is a cationic trimethylammonium derivative of DPH (1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene) with a hydrophobic fluorescent membrane probe properties. It is primarily used in biophysical studies of membrane dynamics and lipid order. The probe is not a pharmaceutical drug and has no clinical trials or regulatory approval for therapeutic use. It is available for research purposes only and should not be used in humans.
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| Molecular Formula |
C21H24N+.C7H7O3S-
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
461.61564
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| Exact Mass |
461.202
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| CAS # |
115534-33-3
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| PubChem CID |
5706757
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light brown solid powder
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| Melting Point |
237ºC (dec.)(lit.)
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| LogP |
7.146
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
33
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| Complexity |
576
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)[O-].C[N+](C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)/C=C/C=C/C=C/C2=CC=CC=C2
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| InChi Key |
ZKARERKEBVSZCX-VMDDUYISSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H24N.C7H8O3S/c1-22(2,3)21-17-15-20(16-18-21)14-8-5-4-7-11-19-12-9-6-10-13-19;1-6-2-4-7(5-3-6)11(8,9)10/h4-18H,1-3H3;2-5H,1H3,(H,8,9,10)/q+1;/p-1/b5-4+,11-7+,14-8+;
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| Chemical Name |
4-methylbenzenesulfonate;trimethyl-[4-[(1E,3E,5E)-6-phenylhexa-1,3,5-trienyl]phenyl]azanium
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. (2). This product is not stable in solution, please use freshly prepared working solution for optimal results. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~10 mg/mL (~21.66 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1 mg/mL (2.17 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 10.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL of Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL of normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1 mg/mL (2.17 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 10.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: 1 mg/mL (2.17 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.1663 mL | 10.8314 mL | 21.6628 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4333 mL | 2.1663 mL | 4.3326 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2166 mL | 1.0831 mL | 2.1663 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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