| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Timosaponin A1 targets multiple enzymes. It is a 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 3.29 µM), an enzyme involved in the synthesis of leukotrienes, which are pro-inflammatory mediators. It also inhibits COX-2 (IC₅₀ = 36.43 µM), an inducible enzyme involved in prostaglandin synthesis. Additionally, it inhibits DPP-4 (IC₅₀ = 33.25 µM), a target for type 2 diabetes therapy. Its multi-targeted activity makes it a compound of interest for inflammation and metabolic disorders.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Timosaponin A1 exhibits potent inhibition of 5-LO (IC₅₀ = 3.29 µM), COX-2 (IC₅₀ = 36.43 µM), and DPP-4 (IC₅₀ = 33.25 µM). This multi-targeted activity suggests potential for treating inflammatory diseases and type 2 diabetes. Its activity is measured using standard enzyme inhibition assays with purified enzymes or cell-based systems.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, the multi-targeted inhibitory activity of Timosaponin A1 suggests potential therapeutic applications in inflammation, pain, and diabetes. Its ability to inhibit 5-LO and COX-2 could make it a dual inhibitor of the arachidonic acid pathway, while DPP-4 inhibition could improve glycemic control. However, specific in vivo data are not detailed in the provided search results.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro non-cell enzyme assays for Timosaponin A1 involve measuring its inhibition of 5-LO, COX-2, and DPP-4 activities. For 5-LO and COX-2, the compound is incubated with the enzyme and a substrate, and the production of the product (e.g., leukotrienes, prostaglandins) is measured. For DPP-4, a chromogenic or fluorogenic substrate is used. IC₅₀ values are calculated from dose-response curves.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Timosaponin A1 use various cell lines to study its anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects. For anti-inflammatory studies, macrophages or other immune cells are stimulated with LPS, and the production of inflammatory mediators (e.g., PGE₂, leukotrienes) is measured. For anti-diabetic studies, its effects on glucose uptake or GLP-1 levels can be assessed.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Timosaponin A1 would likely employ models of inflammation (e.g., carrageenan-induced paw edema) or diabetes (e.g., high-fat diet-fed mice). The compound would be administered, and parameters such as inflammatory markers, blood glucose levels, and insulin sensitivity would be assessed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Timosaponin A1 has a molecular weight of 578.78 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₃₃H₅₄O₈. It is a steroidal saponin. It is practically insoluble in water (2.5E-3 g/L at 25°C). It should be stored at 2-8°C. As a saponin, it is expected to have poor oral bioavailability.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of Timosaponin A1 is not extensively detailed in the provided search results. As a natural saponin, it may have hemolytic activity and can cause gastrointestinal irritation. Comprehensive toxicological studies are required for therapeutic development.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Reports indicate that Anemarrhena asphodeloides contains Timosaponin A1, and relevant data is available for reference.
Timosaponin A1 is a steroidal saponin from Anemarrhena asphodeloides with potent 5-LO, COX-2, and DPP-4 inhibitory activities. It is used in research to study steroidal saponin signaling pathways. It is not approved for clinical use and is intended for research purposes only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C33H54O8
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
578.7771
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| Exact Mass |
578.381
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| CAS # |
68422-00-4
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| PubChem CID |
71767755
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
695.5±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
374.4±31.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±5.0 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.583
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| LogP |
4.24
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
41
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| Complexity |
979
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
17
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| SMILES |
C[C@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@H]([C@H]3[C@@H](O2)C[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H]5[C@H]4CC[C@H]6[C@@]5(CC[C@@H](C6)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1
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| InChi Key |
ZNEIIZNXGCIAAL-MYNIFUFOSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C33H54O8/c1-17-7-12-33(38-16-17)18(2)26-24(41-33)14-23-21-6-5-19-13-20(8-10-31(19,3)22(21)9-11-32(23,26)4)39-30-29(37)28(36)27(35)25(15-34)40-30/h17-30,34-37H,5-16H2,1-4H3/t17-,18-,19+,20-,21+,22-,23-,24-,25+,26-,27-,28-,29+,30+,31-,32-,33+/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1R,2S,4S,5'S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,16S,18R)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~31.25 mg/mL (~53.99 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.59 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.59 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.7278 mL | 8.6389 mL | 17.2777 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3456 mL | 1.7278 mL | 3.4555 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1728 mL | 0.8639 mL | 1.7278 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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