| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Thiochrome primarily targets the M4 muscarinic receptor, a subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. It acts as a selective enhancer of acetylcholine affinity at the M4 receptor. At M1 to M3 receptors, Thiochrome exhibits neutral cooperativity with ACh. This selectivity for M4 over other muscarinic receptor subtypes makes Thiochrome a valuable tool for studying M4 receptor function. The compound is also studied as a metabolite of thiamine.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Thiochrome functions as a selective enhancer of M4 muscarinic receptor of acetylcholine affinity. It exhibits neutral cooperativity with ACh at M1 to M3 receptors. The compound's activity is typically measured using radioligand binding assays in membrane preparations expressing recombinant muscarinic receptors. Thiochrome has been shown to increase the intensity of reproduction processes in various organisms. Its role as a thiamine metabolite suggests potential physiological functions.
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| ln Vivo |
Thiochromes can increase the intensity of the reproductive process represented by single-celled creatures such as worms, crustaceans, insects and fish [1].
In vivo, Thiochrome has been studied for its effects on reproduction processes in various organisms. As a selective M4 receptor enhancer, it may modulate cholinergic signaling in the central nervous system. The compound's role as a thiamine metabolite suggests it may have physiological relevance in thiamine metabolism. In vivo studies have investigated its effects on one-cell organisms, worms, crustaceans, insects, and fish. Specific pharmacological effects in mammalian systems require further investigation. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The cell-free assay for Thiochrome involves evaluating its binding affinity to muscarinic receptor subtypes. Radioligand binding assays are performed using membrane preparations from cells expressing recombinant M1-M4 receptors. Thiochrome is incubated with membranes and a radiolabeled muscarinic antagonist (e.g., [3H]-NMS). Competition binding experiments determine the compound's affinity and cooperativity with acetylcholine. Selectivity for M4 over other subtypes is assessed by comparing binding affinities.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular assays, Thiochrome is typically dissolved in DMSO and diluted in cell culture medium. Cells expressing muscarinic receptor subtypes are treated with various concentrations of Thiochrome. Acetylcholine-induced calcium flux or cAMP accumulation is measured to assess functional effects. The compound's effect on ACh affinity is evaluated by determining the shift in ACh dose-response curves. Selectivity is confirmed by testing across all muscarinic receptor subtypes.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Thiochrome are limited, as the compound is primarily used as a research tool. Studies have been conducted in various organisms including one-cell organisms, worms, crustaceans, insects, and fish. The compound's effects on reproduction processes have been observed. In mammalian systems, Thiochrome may be studied for its effects on cholinergic signaling and thiamine metabolism. Standard behavioral and physiological assays would be used to evaluate its in vivo effects.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Thiochrome include a molecular weight of 262.33 g/mol and molecular formula C12H14N4OS. The compound is a natural oxidation product and metabolite of thiamine. It is typically handled as a solid powder and stored at appropriate conditions. As a thiamine metabolite, its pharmacokinetics may be related to thiamine metabolism. Detailed ADME parameters such as half-life, bioavailability, and tissue distribution are not extensively reported in the available literature.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of Thiochrome has not been extensively characterized in published literature. As a natural metabolite of thiamine, it is expected to have low toxicity. Standard safety pharmacology studies would include assessment of acute and sub-chronic toxicity in rodent models. The compound is intended for research use only and not for therapeutic applications in humans. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Thiochrome is a natural oxidation product and metabolite of thiamine (vitamin B1) that acts as a selective enhancer of M4 muscarinic receptor of acetylcholine affinity. It exhibits neutral cooperativity with ACh at M1 to M3 receptors. Thiochrome has been shown to increase reproduction processes in various organisms. The compound is a research tool for studying muscarinic receptor function and thiamine metabolism. Thiochrome has not entered clinical trials and is strictly for research purposes.
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| Molecular Formula |
C12H14N4OS
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
262.33076
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| Exact Mass |
262.089
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| CAS # |
92-35-3
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| PubChem CID |
66706
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.49g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
462.6ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
228.8°C
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| Flash Point |
233.5ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.752
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| LogP |
0.52
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
18
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| Complexity |
409
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
GTQXMAIXVFLYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H14N4OS/c1-7-10(3-4-17)18-12-15-11-9(6-16(7)12)5-13-8(2)14-11/h5,17H,3-4,6H2,1-2H3
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| Chemical Name |
2-(6,12-dimethyl-4-thia-2,7,11,13-tetrazatricyclo[7.4.0.03,7]trideca-1(13),2,5,9,11-pentaen-5-yl)ethanol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~25 mg/mL (~95.30 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.53 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.8120 mL | 19.0600 mL | 38.1199 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7624 mL | 3.8120 mL | 7.6240 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3812 mL | 1.9060 mL | 3.8120 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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