| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Terpin hydrate does not have a single well-defined molecular target but acts primarily as an expectorant. It improves mucociliary function by working directly on the bronchial secretory cells in the lower respiratory tract to liquify and facilitate the elimination of bronchial secretions. It is thought to increase the amount of fluid in the respiratory tract, which increases the flow and clearance of local irritants and reduces the viscosity of mucus. Terpin hydrate also exerts a weak antiseptic effect on the pulmonary parenchyma.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, terpin hydrate has been shown to affect bronchial secretory cells and mucus production. Its mechanism involves increasing fluid secretion in the respiratory tract and reducing mucus viscosity. The compound's expectorant activity has been characterized in in vitro models of mucus production and ciliary function. Terpin hydrate also exhibits weak antiseptic properties. Its ability to prevent the exacerbation of excessive mucus production due to airway infections or chronic conditions has been noted.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, terpin hydrate has been evaluated in animal models of pulmonary conditions. In paraquat dichloride-administered rat models, terpin hydrate (50 mg/kg, oral, once daily for 2-3 days) inhibits the increase in pulmonary resistance and decrease in pulmonary surfactant activity. This suggests that terpin hydrate may help protect pulmonary function in conditions associated with oxidative stress and lung injury. The compound's expectorant effects have been demonstrated in clinical use for respiratory conditions.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In non-cell-based assays, terpin hydrate's properties are typically evaluated using physicochemical and biochemical methods. Its solubility, stability, and other physical properties are characterized. The compound's weak antiseptic activity may be assessed using standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. However, as an expectorant, its primary mechanism is physiological rather than biochemical, and specific enzyme or receptor assays are not typically used.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for terpin hydrate involve testing its effects on respiratory epithelial cells and mucus-producing cells. Studies may measure the compound's ability to stimulate fluid secretion, reduce mucus viscosity, or modulate ciliary beat frequency in cultured airway epithelial cells. These assays help elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying terpin hydrate's expectorant activity. The compound's effects on pulmonary surfactant activity have been studied in cellular models.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for terpin hydrate have been conducted in rodent models of pulmonary injury and inflammation. In paraquat dichloride-administered rat models, terpin hydrate (50 mg/kg, oral, once daily for 2-3 days) inhibits the increase in pulmonary resistance and decrease in pulmonary surfactant activity. These studies demonstrate the compound's protective effects on pulmonary function. Terpin hydrate has also been evaluated in models of bronchitis and other respiratory conditions.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Terpin hydrate is absorbed after oral administration and distributed to the respiratory tract, where it exerts its expectorant effects. It is metabolized and eliminated through standard pathways. The compound is soluble in water (≥ 1.9 mg/mL). As a small molecule with a molecular weight of 190.29, it is expected to have reasonable oral bioavailability. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life and clearance are not extensively reported in publicly available sources.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Terpin hydrate is generally well-tolerated at therapeutic doses. As an expectorant that has been used clinically for many years, its safety profile is well established. It may cause gastrointestinal irritation in some individuals. The compound should be handled with care, and its safety profile indicates that it should be used with appropriate precautions. Toxicological data are consistent with its classification as a pharmaceutical expectorant.
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| Additional Infomation |
Terpin hydrate are expectorants commonly used to treat acute or chronic bronchitis and related lung diseases to thin mucus and relieve nasal congestion. They are extracted from turpentine, oregano, thyme, and eucalyptus. Popular in the United States since the late 19th century, they were removed from the market in the 1990s after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated that "based on available evidence, there is insufficient data to confirm the safety and efficacy of these ingredients." Terpin hydrate elixirs are still available as prescription medications, dispensed by specialty pharmacies. Indications: Terpin hydrate are used to treat acute and chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and upper respiratory tract infections and inflammatory diseases. Mechanism of Action: Terpin hydrate act directly on the secretory cells of the lower respiratory tract bronchi, improving mucociliary function, liquefying and promoting the drainage of bronchial secretions, while also having a mild antibacterial effect on the lung parenchyma. It is believed to increase the amount of fluid in the respiratory tract, thereby increasing the flow and clearance of local irritants and reducing the viscosity of mucus.
Pharmacodynamics It helps promote the clearance of respiratory mucus. It can prevent excessive mucus production and secretion caused by respiratory bacterial or viral infections, asthma, or chronic bronchitis. Expectorants like terpenoid hydrates can alter the consistency of mucus, making coughing more effective. Terpin hydrate is an expectorant commonly used to loosen mucus in patients with acute or chronic bronchitis and related conditions. It is also used as an insect repellent. The compound is derived from terpene sources such as turpentine, oregano, thyme, and eucalyptus. Terpin hydrate improves mucociliary function by acting on bronchial secretory cells and exerting a weak antiseptic effect. It has been used in the treatment of bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, COPD, and upper respiratory tract infections. |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H22O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
190.28
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| Exact Mass |
190.156
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| CAS # |
2451-01-6
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| PubChem CID |
17141
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
265ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
116-117°C
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| Flash Point |
119ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.001mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.491
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| LogP |
1.634
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
13
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| Complexity |
155
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
JGKJMBOJWVAMIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H20O2.H2O/c1-9(2,11)8-4-6-10(3,12)7-5-8;/h8,11-12H,4-7H2,1-3H3;1H2
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| Chemical Name |
Cyclohexanemethanol, 4-hydroxy-alpha,alpha,4-trimethyl-, monohydrate
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| Synonyms |
Terpin hydrate AI3 01762 AI301762 AI3-01762
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~525.54 mM)
H2O : ~1 mg/mL (~5.26 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.14 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.14 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.14 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 10 mg/mL (52.55 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.2554 mL | 26.2771 mL | 52.5541 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0511 mL | 5.2554 mL | 10.5108 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5255 mL | 2.6277 mL | 5.2554 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT01611909 | UNKNOWN STATUS | Drug: p-menthane-3,8-diol oil | Impetigo | Royal North Shore Hospital | 2012-07 | Phase 2 Phase 3 |
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