| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
| Targets |
Tenuazonic acid targets protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. It inhibits the release of nascent proteins from ribosomes by blocking the peptidyl transferase activity of the ribosome. This inhibition of protein synthesis leads to cell death in susceptible organisms. The compound also exhibits antibacterial and antiviral activities through its effects on protein synthesis in bacteria and viruses.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, tenuazonic acid exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, and phytotoxic activities. It inhibits protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells by blocking the peptidyl transferase activity of the ribosome. The compound's activity is assessed by measuring protein synthesis inhibition in cell-free systems or in cultured cells. Its antibacterial activity is assessed by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, tenuazonic acid is a mycotoxin produced by Alternaria fungi that can contaminate food and feed. It has been studied for its toxicological effects in animals, including its potential to cause cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and immunosuppression. The compound's phytotoxic activity affects plant growth and development.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for tenuazonic acid measure its inhibition of peptidyl transferase activity. Ribosomes are isolated from cells and incubated with aminoacyl-tRNA and varying concentrations of the compound. The formation of peptide bonds is measured by incorporation of radiolabeled amino acids or by fluorescence-based methods. IC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for tenuazonic acid use various cell lines to assess its cytotoxic and protein synthesis inhibitory effects. Cells are treated with serial dilutions of the compound, and protein synthesis is measured by incorporation of radiolabeled amino acids. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or other assays. The compound's effects on cell cycle and apoptosis are also evaluated.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal models for tenuazonic acid include mouse models of toxicity. The compound is administered orally or intraperitoneally, and its effects on body weight, organ weights, hematological parameters, and histopathology are evaluated. The compound's immunotoxic effects are assessed by measuring immune cell populations and function.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Tenuazonic acid has a molecular formula of C10H15NO3 and a molecular weight of 197.23. It is a tetramic acid derivative and a mycotoxin produced by Alternaria fungi. The compound is soluble in organic solvents. It is stored at -20°C. The compound's stability and degradation are studied for food safety and toxicological risk assessment.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of tenuazonic acid is characterized by its cytotoxic, genotoxic, and immunosuppressive effects. The compound is a mycotoxin that can contaminate food and feed, posing a health risk to humans and animals. Chronic exposure may cause various adverse health effects. The compound is for research use only and not for human use. Appropriate safety precautions should be taken during handling.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Existing data indicate that algaloside is present in Alternaria, Alternaria alternata, and Pyricularia oryzae. Algaloside is a mycotoxin produced by Alternaria fungi and is also a potent inhibitor of eukaryotic protein synthesis. 3-Acetyl-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-pyrrolin-2-one is a metabolite of Alternaria tenuis strains, possessing antiviral and antitumor antibacterial activity, but may also exhibit mycotoxin activity.
Tenuazonic acid is a mycotoxin and a natural product produced by various species of Alternaria fungi. It is a tetramic acid derivative that exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, and phytotoxic activities. The compound is a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis, blocking the peptidyl transferase activity of the ribosome. Tenuazonic acid is used for research purposes in toxicology and mycotoxin studies. |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H15NO3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
197.23
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| Exact Mass |
197.105
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| CAS # |
610-88-8
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| PubChem CID |
54678599
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to brown solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
401.1±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
74.5°C
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| Flash Point |
196.4±28.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.1 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.519
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| LogP |
0.81
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
14
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| Complexity |
307
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CCC(C)C1C(=C(C(=O)N1)C(=O)C)O
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| InChi Key |
CEIZFXOZIQNICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H15NO3/c1-4-5(2)8-9(13)7(6(3)12)10(14)11-8/h5,8,13H,4H2,1-3H3,(H,11,14)
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| Chemical Name |
4-acetyl-2-butan-2-yl-3-hydroxy-1,2-dihydropyrrol-5-one
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| Synonyms |
L-Tenuazonic acid Tenuazonic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~253.51 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (6.34 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (6.34 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (6.34 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.0702 mL | 25.3511 mL | 50.7022 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0140 mL | 5.0702 mL | 10.1404 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5070 mL | 2.5351 mL | 5.0702 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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