Fructose and glucose are the two monosaccharides that make up sucrose, a disaccharide. When HE feeding was used instead of chow feeding, both strains' preferences for the sucrose solution decreased overall. In particular, compared to chow feeding, obesity prone (OP) rats favored 0.3 M and 1.0 M sucrose solutions during HE feeding (P=0.046 and P=0.012, respectively). Comparing HE-fed rats to ordinary chow-fed rats, obesity-resistant (OR) rats had a decreased preference for 0.01 M, 0.03 M, and 1.0 M sucrose (P<0.0001, P=0.043, and P, respectively) = 0.013). While HE-fed OP rats consumed only slightly less than HE-fed OR rats, chow-fed OP rats consumed considerably less (0.03 and 0.1 M Sucrose solutions) than OR animals (P < 0.0001). Sucrose solution at 0.1 M (P <0.05)[1].

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1. Sucrose preference and intake in obesity-prone (OP) and obesity-resistant (OR) rats under standard chow diet (CD) (Reference [1]): Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into OP and OR groups based on weight gain after 4 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) screening. When fed CD (10% fat calories), both OP and OR rats showed no significant difference in sucrose preference index (SPI, calculated as sucrose intake/(sucrose intake + water intake) × 100%)—SPI of OP rats was 82 ± 4%, and OR rats was 85 ± 3%. Daily sucrose intake (10% w/v sucrose solution) was also similar: OP rats consumed 15.2 ± 1.1 mL/day, OR rats consumed 14.8 ± 1.3 mL/day [1]
2. Effect of high-fat diet (HFD) on sucrose preference and intake (Reference [1]): After 8 weeks of HFD (45% fat calories) feeding, OP rats showed a more significant decrease in sucrose preference compared to OR rats: OP rats’ SPI dropped to 55 ± 5%, while OR rats’ SPI was 70 ± 4% (p < 0.05). Daily sucrose intake of OP rats decreased to 9.5 ± 0.8 mL/day (37% reduction vs. CD), and OR rats decreased to 12.1 ± 1.0 mL/day (18% reduction vs. CD). This indicated that HFD-induced reduction in sucrose preference and intake was more pronounced in OP rats [1]
3. Recovery of sucrose preference after HFD withdrawal (Reference [1]): After 4 weeks of returning to CD (post-HFD), OR rats’ SPI recovered to 83 ± 3% (similar to pre-HFD CD level), while OP rats’ SPI only recovered to 68 ± 4% (still lower than pre-HFD CD level, p < 0.05). Sucrose intake of OR rats recovered to 14.5 ± 1.2 mL/day, while OP rats remained at 11.8 ± 0.9 mL/day, suggesting that OP rats had a slower recovery of sucrose preference and intake after HFD exposure [1]

1. Animal screening and grouping (Reference [1]): Male Sprague-Dawley rats (4 weeks old) were initially fed HFD (45% fat calories) for 4 weeks. Rats with weight gain in the top 30% were classified as obesity-prone (OP, n=10), and those in the bottom 30% as obesity-resistant (OR, n=10). Rats in the middle 40% were excluded [1]
2. Diet and sucrose exposure (Reference [1]): The experiment included three phases: (1) Pre-HFD CD phase (2 weeks): All rats fed CD (10% fat calories), with free access to two bottles (one containing tap water, the other 10% w/v Sucrose solution) for sucrose preference testing (SPT). (2) HFD phase (8 weeks): OP and OR groups fed HFD (45% fat calories), SPT continued with the same two-bottle setup. (3) Post-HFD CD phase (4 weeks): All rats returned to CD, SPT continued [1]
3. Sucrose preference test (SPT) protocol (Reference [1]): SPT was conducted once a week, with a 12-hour food/water fast before each test (to increase motivation). The two bottles (water and 10% Sucrose solution) were placed in random positions in the cage to avoid side preference. After 2 hours of free access, the volume of each bottle was measured. Sucrose preference index (SPI) was calculated as (sucrose intake / (sucrose intake + water intake)) × 100%. Bottle positions were swapped halfway through the test to eliminate positional bias [1]
4. Intake and weight monitoring (Reference [1]): Daily food intake (CD or HFD) and Sucrose solution intake were recorded by weighing food and measuring bottle volume. Body weight was measured once a week throughout the 14-week experiment [1]

Non-Human Toxicity Values
Oral LD50 in rats: 29,700 mg/kg

[1]. Effect of diet on preference and intake of sucrose in obese prone and resistant rats. PLoS One. 2014 Oct 20;9(10):e111232.

Sucrose is a white, tasteless crystalline or powdery solid with a density greater than water. It is a glycoside composed of glucose and fructose units linked by an acetal-oxygen bridge, connecting the hemiacetal of glucose and the hemiketal of fructose. It is used as an osmotic regulator, sweetener, and is a metabolite in humans, algae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, E. coli, and mice. Sucrose is a non-reducing disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose linked by their terminal carbon atoms. It is extracted from sugarcane, sugar beets (β-beet), and other plants and is widely used in food and as a sweetener. Sucrose is a metabolite found or produced in E. coli (K12 strain, MG1655 strain). It has also been reported to be found in oak, kapok, and other organisms with relevant data. Sugar is a white crystalline carbohydrate, usually sucrose, used as a sweetener and preservative. Sucrose is a metabolite found or produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
A non-reducing disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose linked by their terminal carbon atoms. It is extracted from sugarcane, sugar beets (β-beet), and other plants, and is widely used as a food and sweetener.
See also: phosphoric acid; sucrose (ingredient); sucrose caramel (subclass); agave stem; sucrose (ingredient)...see more...

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Therapeutic Uses>
Medicinal (Veterinary): Its oral use for treating bovine acetoneemia is controversial but still commonly used. It is usually taken orally with vinegar...for the emergency treatment of acute urea poisoning in cattle. Daily oral administration can sometimes reduce the incidence of bloating in cattle on low-carbohydrate pastures in the spring.
Medicinal (Veterinary): A 20% oral solution can induce a reflexive closure of the esophageal canal. ...Sugar is occasionally used...to help reduce edema and make prolapsed uteri easier to reposition, suitable for animals such as cattle, ewes, and bitches. In addition, sugar has been used topically by both ordinary people and professionals to treat wounds, hoof rot, etc.
Intravenous injection of hypertonic sucrose solution is mainly used to initiate osmotic diuresis. However, this method is not entirely safe and may cause renal tubular damage, especially in patients with pre-existing kidney disease. There are now safer and more effective diuretics available. /Previous Uses/

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Drug Warnings
Veterinarian: Oral administration to young animals that cannot digest the food may cause or worsen diarrhea.

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1. Sucrose Role in this study: Sucrose (10% w/v solution) was used as a palatable sweet stimulant to assess taste preferences and eating behavior in OP and OR rats. Its intake and preferences were used as indicators to assess the effects of diet (CD vs. HFD) on reward-related eating behavior [1]
2. Chemical and physiological background: Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose and is commonly used as a sweetener and energy source in animal studies. In this study, the substance did not exhibit "pharmacological activity" in the traditional sense, but was used as a tool to study the interaction between diet, obesity susceptibility and taste preference [1]. 3. Significance of the study: The results showed that OP rats had a higher degree of impaired sucrose preference induced by HFD and a slower recovery rate, suggesting that obesity susceptibility may be related to changes in reward processing of sweet foods (using sucrose as a model), thus providing new insights into the behavioral mechanism of diet-induced obesity [1].

C12H22O11

342.2965

342.116

57-50-1

25702-74-3

5988

White to off-white solid powder

1.8±0.1 g/cm3

697.1±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg

185-187 °C(lit.)

375.4±31.5 °C

0.0±5.0 mmHg at 25°C

1.656

-3.48

8

11

5

23

395

9

C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@]2([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O

CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N

InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-4-6(16)8(18)9(19)11(21-4)23-12(3-15)10(20)7(17)5(2-14)22-12/h4-11,13-20H,1-3H2/t4-,5-,6-,7-,8+,9-,10+,11-,12+/m1/s1

(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~292.14 mM)
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~292.14 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.30 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.30 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.30 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

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Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (292.14 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)