| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Squalane does not have a specific pharmacological target. It acts as a skin moisturizer by forming a protective lipid layer, reducing transepidermal water loss. It also shows weak antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals. It may modulate inflammatory responses in keratinocytes by reducing NF-κB activation. It is also used as a vaccine adjuvant.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Squalane exhibits significant promise for the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical sectors. In vitro and animal models, squalane has been shown to exhibit anticancer, antioxidant, drug carrier, detoxifying, skin moisturizing, and emollient properties [1].
In vitro, squalane has low biological activity. It shows no cytotoxicity up to 200 µM. It protects keratinocytes from UV-induced damage by reducing ROS (EC50 ~ 50 µM). It also inhibits elastase activity with an IC50 of 100 µM. It does not exhibit antimicrobial activity. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, squalane is well-known for its skin moisturizing effects. In clinical studies, topical application of squalane improves skin hydration and reduces roughness. It also has been shown to promote wound healing in animal models. In a mouse model of dermatitis, squalane (topical) reduced inflammation and improved barrier function.
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| Enzyme Assay |
No specific enzyme assay is applicable; however, in vitro antioxidant activity can be measured by DPPH and ORAC assays. Squalane is dissolved in ethanol and tested for radical scavenging. For cell-based assays, keratinocytes are treated with squalane (1-200 µM) and exposed to UVB; cell viability and ROS are measured.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based assays, HaCaT keratinocytes are seeded in 96-well plates and treated with squalane (1-200 µM) for 24 h. Cell viability is assessed by MTT. ROS production induced by UVB is measured by DCFH-DA. For anti-inflammatory assays, TNF-α secretion is measured by ELISA.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo skin hydration studies in humans or animals: a squalane-containing formulation is applied to the skin of volunteers or animals (e.g., hairless mice). Skin hydration is measured by a corneometer at baseline and after 1, 2, and 4 h. Transepidermal water loss is measured. For wound healing, full-thickness wounds in rats are treated with squalane ointment.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data: Squalane is not absorbed systemically when applied topically. After oral administration (in dietary supplements), it is absorbed and metabolized to squalene and other lipids, then incorporated into lipoproteins. Bioavailability is low. It is excreted via bile and feces.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Squalane is considered safe and non-toxic. The oral LD50 in rats is >5000 mg/kg. It is not irritating to skin or eyes. No genotoxicity or carcinogenicity has been reported. It is approved for use in cosmetics and food.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Reports have indicated that Murraya paniculata contains squalane, and relevant data is available for reference.
Squalane is a common cosmetic ingredient used for its moisturizing and skin-protective properties. It is also used as a vehicle in some pharmaceutical formulations and as an adjuvant in vaccines (e.g., MF59). No therapeutic drug use. It is available over-the-counter. |
| Molecular Formula |
C30H62
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
422.81328
|
| Exact Mass |
422.485
|
| CAS # |
111-01-3
|
| Related CAS # |
Squalane-d62;16514-83-3
|
| PubChem CID |
8089
|
| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
|
| Density |
0.8±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
470.3±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
−38 °C(lit.)
|
| Flash Point |
217.8±0.0 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.5 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.448
|
| LogP |
15.59
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
0
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
21
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
30
|
| Complexity |
308
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C
|
| InChi Key |
PRAKJMSDJKAYCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C30H62/c1-25(2)15-11-19-29(7)23-13-21-27(5)17-9-10-18-28(6)22-14-24-30(8)20-12-16-26(3)4/h25-30H,9-24H2,1-8H3
|
| Chemical Name |
2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosane
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~236.50 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.91 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.91 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.91 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3651 mL | 11.8256 mL | 23.6513 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4730 mL | 2.3651 mL | 4.7303 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2365 mL | 1.1826 mL | 2.3651 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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