| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary target of Spinacine is the GABA transporter, for which it acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor. By inhibiting GABA reuptake in cortical neuronal tissues, Spinacine increases synaptic GABA availability. GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and its modulation is relevant for neurological disorders. Spinacine also serves as a structural element in biologically active compounds such as glucagon and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. These targets make it valuable for neurological and peptidomimetic research.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Spinacine functions as a GABA uptake inhibitor, increasing synaptic GABA availability by inhibiting its reuptake in cortical neuronal tissues. It is studied in neuronal cell cultures to assess its effects on GABAergic signaling. As a rigid histidine surrogate, it is used in peptidomimetic design for the development of biologically active compounds. These in vitro activities support its use in research on neurological disorders, GABAergic neurotransmission, and pharmaceutical development.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Spinacine has potential applications in neurological disorders due to its GABA uptake inhibitory activity. By increasing synaptic GABA availability, it may modulate inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain. However, detailed in vivo efficacy data are limited. As an endogenous metabolite, it is naturally present in biological systems. Further studies are needed to evaluate its therapeutic potential in animal models of neurological disorders such as epilepsy, anxiety, and other conditions involving GABAergic dysfunction.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for Spinacine involve GABA uptake inhibition studies using cortical neuronal tissues or cells expressing GABA transporters. The compound is incubated with cells or tissue preparations at concentrations ranging from 0.1-1000 μM, and [3H]-GABA uptake is measured. The inhibition of GABA reuptake is quantified by comparing uptake in treated versus untreated samples. Binding affinity to GABA transporters can be assessed using radioligand binding assays. All assays include appropriate controls and reference compounds (e.g., nipecotic acid).
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Spinacine are conducted using cortical neuronal cultures or GABA transporter-expressing cell lines. Cells are treated with Spinacine at concentrations ranging from 0.1-1000 μM for 1-24 hours. GABA uptake is measured using [3H]-GABA or fluorescent GABA analogs. Intracellular GABA levels are quantified. Cell viability is assessed using standard assays. The compound's effects on neuronal excitability may be evaluated using electrophysiological recordings. Experiments include vehicle controls and positive controls (e.g., known GABA uptake inhibitors).
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with Spinacine are limited, as the compound is primarily used as a research tool. Neurological studies may be conducted in rodent models of epilepsy, anxiety, or other GABA-related disorders. The compound is administered via intraperitoneal or oral routes at doses ranging from 1-50 mg/kg. Behavioral tests (e.g., seizure models, elevated plus maze) are used to assess efficacy. Brain GABA levels are measured. Each group consists of 6-10 animals with vehicle-treated controls. Further studies are needed for comprehensive characterization.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Spinacine have not been extensively characterized. As a small, polar molecule (MW 167.17, C7H9N3O2), it is expected to have moderate oral bioavailability and reasonable tissue distribution, including penetration of the blood-brain barrier. The compound is an endogenous metabolite and likely undergoes metabolism through pathways typical of amino acid derivatives, with elimination via renal excretion. Detailed PK parameters require further investigation.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Spinacine indicate that it is generally well-tolerated at concentrations used for research. As an endogenous metabolite, it is expected to have a favorable safety profile. No significant toxicity has been reported. However, comprehensive toxicological studies have not been conducted. As with all research chemicals, appropriate safety precautions should be taken during handling, and the compound should be used only for in vitro and animal research purposes.
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| Additional Infomation |
Spinachine is an α-amino acid. It has been reported that ginseng contains spinachine, and relevant data is available for reference.
Spinacine is an endogenous metabolite and GABA uptake inhibitor isolated from spinach leaf extract. It functions by inhibiting GABA reuptake in cortical neuronal tissues, increasing synaptic GABA availability. The compound serves as a rigid histidine surrogate for peptidomimetic design and as a key intermediate in pharmaceutical development targeting neurological disorders. It is used in research on GABAergic neurotransmission, neurological disorders, and peptidomimetic drug design. Not approved for clinical therapeutic use; intended for research purposes only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C7H9N3O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
167.1653
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| Exact Mass |
167.069
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| CAS # |
59981-63-4
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| PubChem CID |
162899
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.439g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
552.2ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
287.8ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.612
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| LogP |
-3.1
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
197
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
C1[C@H](NCC2=C1N=CN2)C(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
YCFJXOFFQLPCHD-YFKPBYRVSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C7H9N3O2/c11-7(12)5-1-4-6(2-8-5)10-3-9-4/h3,5,8H,1-2H2,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)/t5-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(6S)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~33.33 mg/mL (~199.38 mM)
DMSO :< 1 mg/mL |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 4.55 mg/mL (27.22 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication (<60°C).
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.9819 mL | 29.9097 mL | 59.8193 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1964 mL | 5.9819 mL | 11.9639 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5982 mL | 2.9910 mL | 5.9819 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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