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| Targets |
Sodium thiocyanate does not have a specific pharmacological target, as it is primarily a chemical reagent rather than a therapeutic agent. The compound serves as a source of thiocyanate anion (SCN⁻) in chemical synthesis and analytical chemistry. Thiocyanate is a pseudohalide that can participate in various chemical reactions, including nucleophilic substitution and coordination chemistry. In biological systems, thiocyanate is a metabolite of cyanide detoxification and is present in saliva and other bodily fluids. Sodium thiocyanate is used as an analytical reagent for measuring iodide. Its chemical properties make it valuable in various industrial and research applications, including dyeing, textile printing, and electroplating.
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| ln Vitro |
In mice, sodium thiocyanate enhances endothelium regeneration and reduces the development of atherosclerotic plaque. Sodium thiocyanate enhances the production of reactive oxygen species and chlorotyrosine in the blood vessel wall as well as the levels of inflammatory cytokines in plasma [1].
Sodium thiocyanate is primarily a chemical reagent rather than a drug with specific in vitro pharmacological activity. It is used in chemical synthesis as a source of thiocyanate anion for the conversion of alkyl halides to alkylthiocyanates. The compound also serves as an analytical reagent for measuring iodide. In biological research, sodium thiocyanate may be used as a chaotropic agent or as a component of buffer systems. Its in vitro activity is primarily related to its chemical properties rather than specific biological effects. The compound is used in various industrial applications, including dyeing and printing textiles, preparing thiocyanate salts, and nickel plating. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, sodium thiocyanate is not used as a therapeutic agent. However, thiocyanate is a natural metabolite of cyanide detoxification in the body and is present in saliva and other bodily fluids. Sodium thiocyanate may be used in research to study cyanide metabolism or as a source of thiocyanate in physiological studies. The compound's toxicity is primarily related to its ability to interfere with iodine uptake by the thyroid gland, which can lead to goiter and hypothyroidism at high doses. Occupational exposure to sodium thiocyanate is primarily relevant to industrial settings where it is used in textile processing, electroplating, and chemical synthesis.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding (non-cellular) assays for sodium thiocyanate are not standard pharmacological assays, as the compound is primarily a chemical reagent. However, the compound may be used in biochemical assays as a chaotropic agent to denature proteins or as a source of thiocyanate anion in chemical reactions. Enzyme activity assays may use sodium thiocyanate as a reagent or inhibitor in specific experimental contexts. The compound's ability to participate in nucleophilic substitution reactions makes it useful in synthetic chemistry applications. Its use as an analytical reagent for iodide measurement involves redox chemistry or precipitation reactions rather than enzyme inhibition.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular experiments with sodium thiocyanate are not typically performed for pharmacological evaluation, as the compound is primarily a chemical reagent. However, cellular assays may use sodium thiocyanate to study the effects of thiocyanate on cellular processes, such as iodide uptake by thyroid cells or cyanide detoxification pathways. Cell lines such as thyroid follicular cells may be treated with varying concentrations of sodium thiocyanate, and iodide uptake or thyroid hormone production may be measured. Cell viability and cytotoxicity may be assessed using MTT or other assays. The compound's effects on cellular metabolism and signaling pathways may also be investigated in specific research contexts.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with sodium thiocyanate are not typically performed for therapeutic development. However, toxicological studies may be conducted to assess the compound's safety and potential health effects. Rodents are administered sodium thiocyanate via oral gavage or in drinking water at various doses. Parameters assessed include thyroid function (iodide uptake, thyroid hormone levels), weight gain, organ weights, and histopathological examination of the thyroid gland. These studies help establish the compound's toxicity profile and its effects on iodine metabolism. Sodium thiocyanate's ability to interfere with iodide uptake can lead to goiter and hypothyroidism at high doses.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of sodium thiocyanate are not extensively characterized for therapeutic applications, as the compound is primarily a chemical reagent. The compound has molecular weight 81.07 and appears as a white crystalline powder. It is soluble in approximately 0.6 parts water and freely soluble in alcohol and acetone. Sodium thiocyanate has a density of 1.295 g/mL at 20°C and a melting point of 287°C (dec.). Storage: 2-8°C. In biological systems, thiocyanate is rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body. It is excreted primarily in urine. The compound's pharmacokinetics are relevant to its toxicity and its use as a research chemical.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological information for sodium thiocyanate indicates that occupational poisoning is rare and primarily results from accidental ingestion. Large doses causing acute poisoning can lead to nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, blood pressure fluctuations, and bradycardia. Yellow vision (xanthopsia) may occur, and severe poisoning can cause significant renal damage. The compound's primary toxic effect is related to its ability to interfere with iodide uptake by the thyroid gland, which can lead to goiter and hypothyroidism at high doses. Sodium thiocyanate should be handled with appropriate safety precautions, including use of personal protective equipment and working in a well-ventilated area.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Sodium thiocyanate is an odorless white solid that sinks in water and is miscible with water. (US Coast Guard, 1999)
Sodium thiocyanate solution (56% or lower concentration) is an odorless, clear to pale yellow liquid. (US Coast Guard, 1999) Sodium thiocyanate is an organosodium salt, a monosodium salt of thiocyanate, containing thiocyanate ions. Sodium thiocyanate (CAS 540-72-7) is an inorganic compound with molecular formula CNNaS and molecular weight 81.07. It appears as a white crystalline powder with a melting point of 287°C (dec.). Sodium thiocyanate is soluble in approximately 0.6 parts water and is also freely soluble in alcohol and acetone. It is an analytical reagent for measuring iodide and is used in dyeing and printing textiles, preparing thiocyanate salts, and nickel plating. The compound is used widely in chemical synthesis as a source of thiocyanate anion, such as in the conversion of alkyl halides to alkylthiocyanates. It undergoes nucleophilic substitution reactions with phase-transfer catalysts. Storage: 2-8°C. |
| Molecular Formula |
CNNAS
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
81.0722
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| Exact Mass |
80.964
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| CAS # |
540-72-7
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| PubChem CID |
516871
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.295 g/mL at 20 °C
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| Boiling Point |
146ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
287 °C (dec.)(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
42.1ºC
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| LogP |
0.664
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
4
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| Complexity |
34.5
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/CHNS.Na/c2-1-3;/h3H;/q;+1/p-1
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| Chemical Name |
sodium;thiocyanate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~616.75 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (30.84 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (30.84 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (30.84 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 12.3350 mL | 61.6751 mL | 123.3502 mL | |
| 5 mM | 2.4670 mL | 12.3350 mL | 24.6700 mL | |
| 10 mM | 1.2335 mL | 6.1675 mL | 12.3350 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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