| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Skimmin modulates inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB and MAPK, reducing cytokine production and oxidative stress. It has shown promise in protecting against renal and liver injury.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Skimmin reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers in cultured cells. It has been shown to suppress IgG deposition and improve renal function in cell-based models of diabetic nephropathy.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Skimmin effectively suppresses diabetic nephropathy in rats and may slow down renal fibrosis. It also demonstrates hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in animal models.
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| Enzyme Assay |
NF-κB and MAPK pathway modulation can be assessed using reporter gene assays or by measuring phosphorylation of pathway components (e.g., IκB, p38, JNK) in treated cells via Western blotting.
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| Cell Assay |
Kidney cells or macrophages are cultured and exposed to inflammatory stimuli (e.g., LPS or high glucose) in the presence of Skimmin. Cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-6) and oxidative stress markers are measured.
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| Animal Protocol |
Diabetic nephropathy models in rats (e.g., streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats) are used. Skimmin is administered orally or intraperitoneally, and parameters such as renal function (creatinine, BUN), IgG deposition, and renal fibrosis are assessed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties are not extensively characterized. As a glycoside, it is expected to undergo deglycosylation and metabolism. Oral bioavailability may be limited.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicity data are limited. Coumarin glycosides are generally considered to have a low toxicity profile. No significant adverse effects have been reported at research doses.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Skimmin is a coumarin glycoside. It has been reported to exist in Skimmia reevesiana, Artemisia ordosica, and other organisms with relevant data.
Skimmin is a research compound with no clinical trial or regulatory approval status. It is used primarily as a reference standard and in pharmacological studies of anti-inflammatory, nephroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. |
| Molecular Formula |
C15H16O8
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
324.2827
|
| Exact Mass |
324.084
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| CAS # |
93-39-0
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| PubChem CID |
99693
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
632.0±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
221-222ºC
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| Flash Point |
239.3±25.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.9 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.661
|
| LogP |
-1.5
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
23
|
| Complexity |
466
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
|
| SMILES |
C1=CC(=CC2=C1C=CC(=O)O2)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)O
|
| InChi Key |
VPAOSFFTKWUGAD-TVKJYDDYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H16O8/c16-6-10-12(18)13(19)14(20)15(23-10)21-8-3-1-7-2-4-11(17)22-9(7)5-8/h1-5,10,12-16,18-20H,6H2/t10-,12-,13+,14-,15-/m1/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-2-one
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~308.38 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.71 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.71 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.71 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.0838 mL | 15.4188 mL | 30.8375 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6168 mL | 3.0838 mL | 6.1675 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3084 mL | 1.5419 mL | 3.0838 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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