| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
(S)-Carvedilol targets β-adrenergic receptors and α-1 adrenergic receptors. As a non-selective β/α-1 blocker, it inhibits both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors as well as alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. This dual mechanism contributes to its cardiovascular effects and its protective effects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
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| ln Vitro |
When compared to (R)-carvedilol, (S)-carvedilol has a beta-blocking action that is about 100 times stronger, and both enantiomers have the same potency as alpha-blockers [1]. By raising the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, decreasing the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde through PI3K, and enhancing superoxide dismutase and catalase, (S)-Carvedilol dramatically attenuates doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cell death and apoptosis. AKT/eNO synthase pathway modifications, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and oxidative stress response in vitro [1]. In HUVEC, treatment with (S)-Carvedilol markedly increased the expression level of p-eNOS [1].
In vitro, (S)-Carvedilol demonstrates beta-blocking activity that is about 100 times stronger than the (R)-enantiomer. Both enantiomers have the same potency as alpha-blockers. The compound's ability to protect against doxorubicin-induced toxicity has been demonstrated in cell-based models. Its activity is assessed by measuring receptor binding and downstream signaling inhibition. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, (S)-Carvedilol is used as a beta-blocker medication to treat heart failure and hypertension. It exerts protection against the vascular or cardiac toxicity of Doxorubicin (DOX). Its beta-blocking action is significantly more potent than the (R)-enantiomer, making it the primary active enantiomer for beta-blockade.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro receptor binding assay for (S)-Carvedilol measures its affinity for β-adrenergic and α-1 adrenergic receptors. Radioligand binding studies are performed using membrane preparations from tissues expressing these receptors. The compound's ability to displace radiolabeled ligands (e.g., [3H]-dihydroalprenolol for β-receptors) is measured, and Ki values are calculated. Functional assays measure the inhibition of agonist-induced cAMP production (for β-receptors) or calcium mobilization (for α-receptors).
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular studies are conducted using cardiomyocytes or other cell types expressing adrenergic receptors. Cells are treated with (S)-Carvedilol at various concentrations. β-adrenergic receptor signaling is assessed by measuring cAMP levels. α-adrenergic receptor signaling is assessed by measuring calcium mobilization or downstream phosphorylation events. Protection against doxorubicin-induced toxicity is evaluated by measuring cell viability, ROS production, and apoptotic markers.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments are performed in models of heart failure, hypertension, or doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Animals are administered (S)-Carvedilol via oral gavage or injection. Cardiovascular parameters such as blood pressure and heart rate are monitored. In doxorubicin cardiotoxicity models, cardiac function is assessed by echocardiography, and myocardial tissue is examined for histopathological changes and markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
Known metabolites of (s)-(-)-carvedilol include 4'-hydroxy-carvedilol, 8-hydroxy-carvedilol, 5'-hydroxy-carvedilol, and O-demethylcarvedilol. (S)-Carvedilol has a molecular formula of C24H26N2O4 and a molecular weight that corresponds to its enantiomeric form. It is the S-isomer of Carvedilol. The compound is typically stored under recommended conditions. It is soluble in DMSO and other organic solvents. It is supplied as a research-grade compound with high purity. For in vivo administration, appropriate formulations should be used. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
As a beta-blocker, (S)-Carvedilol can cause bradycardia, hypotension, and bronchospasm. It is contraindicated in patients with asthma, severe bradycardia, and certain heart conditions. As a research chemical, it is not intended for human use. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling it. Its effects are related to its mechanism as a β/α-1 blocker.
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| References |
[1]. Wu T, et al. Protective effects of S-carvedilol on doxorubicin-induced damages to human umbilical vein endothelial cells and rats. J Appl Toxicol. 2019 Aug;39(8):1233-1244.
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| Additional Infomation |
(S)-Carvedilol is also known as (S)-BM 14190. It is the S-enantiomer of Carvedilol and is a non-selective β/α-1 blocker. The compound exerts protection against the vascular or cardiac toxicity of Doxorubicin (DOX). Its beta-blocking action is about 100 times stronger than the (R)-enantiomer. It is used in research on cardiovascular diseases and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
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| Molecular Formula |
C24H26N2O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
406.47424
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| Exact Mass |
406.189
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| CAS # |
95094-00-1
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| Related CAS # |
Carvedilol;72956-09-3;(R)-Carvedilol;95093-99-5;Carvedilol phosphate hemihydrate;610309-89-2;(S)-Carvedilol-d4;2747915-23-5
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| PubChem CID |
185395
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| Appearance |
Off-white to gray solid powder
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| Density |
1.25 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
655.2ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
114-115ºC
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| Flash Point |
350.1ºC
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| LogP |
4.128
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
10
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| Heavy Atom Count |
30
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| Complexity |
508
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
O(C1C=CC=C2C=1C1C=CC=CC=1N2)C[C@@H](O)CNCCOC1C=CC=CC=1OC
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| InChi Key |
OGHNVEJMJSYVRP-KRWDZBQOSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C24H26N2O4/c1-28-21-10-4-5-11-22(21)29-14-13-25-15-17(27)16-30-23-12-6-9-20-24(23)18-7-2-3-8-19(18)26-20/h2-12,17,25-27H,13-16H2,1H3/t17-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-1-(9H-carbazol-4-yloxy)-3-[2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethylamino]propan-2-ol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~200 mg/mL (~492.04 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 5 mg/mL (12.30 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 50.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 5 mg/mL (12.30 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 50.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 5 mg/mL (12.30 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.4602 mL | 12.3010 mL | 24.6021 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4920 mL | 2.4602 mL | 4.9204 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2460 mL | 1.2301 mL | 2.4602 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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