| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Targets |
Rupestonic acid targets the influenza virus and viral replication machinery. Resistance to rupestonic acid is mediated by mutations in the viral replication machinery, particularly in the RNA polymerase, which reduce the drug's ability to inhibit viral replication. Common mutations such as G207T and R299K in the polymerase gene are associated with lower drug efficacy. Rupestonic acid modulates immune and oxidative pathways, affecting host responses that influence viral replication. It may modulate key signaling pathways involved in immune response and cellular protection. Its anti-inflammatory effects are likely mediated through modulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Rupestonic acid demonstrates significant antiviral activity against influenza virus. It modulates immune and oxidative pathways, enabling examination of host responses affecting viral replication. It is often co-studied with polymerase inhibitors or nucleotide analogs to increase antiviral potency and reduce the potential for resistance development. As a sesquiterpenoid, it may also exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Quantitative in vitro activity data, such as IC50 values against specific influenza strains, is not detailed in the publicly available sources.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity data for Rupestonic acid is limited in publicly available literature. As a compound from Artemisia rupestris used in traditional Uighur medicine for the treatment of colds, it is believed to exhibit antiviral activity in vivo. It has potential therapeutic applications in managing chronic inflammatory diseases and oxidative stress-related conditions. It is also being explored for its ability to enhance wound healing and prevent tissue damage. However, detailed in vivo efficacy studies, including pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, are limited. Metabolism studies can provide essential information for drug discovery, design, and clinical application.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro cell-free assays, the antiviral activity of Rupestonic acid against influenza virus can be studied using viral enzyme inhibition assays (e.g., RNA polymerase, neuraminidase). The compound is incubated with the purified viral enzyme and its substrate, and the inhibition of enzyme activity is measured. IC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves. Its immunomodulatory effects can be assessed by measuring cytokine production in immune cell assays. Its antioxidant activity can be evaluated using DPPH or ABTS radical scavenging assays.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular assays, the antiviral activity of Rupestonic acid is assessed in influenza virus-infected cell lines (e.g., MDCK cells). Cells are infected with influenza virus and treated with various concentrations of Rupestonic acid. Viral replication is measured by plaque assay, qPCR, or ELISA for viral proteins. The EC50 (half-maximal effective concentration) for inhibition of viral replication is calculated. Cytotoxicity is assessed concurrently using MTT or similar assays. Its immunomodulatory effects can be studied in immune cells by measuring cytokine production and signaling pathway activation.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo studies, Rupestonic acid could be administered orally or intraperitoneally in animal models of influenza virus infection. Endpoints include survival rate, viral load in lung tissue, lung histopathology, and inflammatory cytokine levels. Its resistance mechanisms can be studied by sequencing the viral RNA polymerase gene to detect mutations such as G207T and R299K. In models of chronic inflammation or oxidative stress, endpoints include inflammatory biomarker analysis and tissue damage assessment. Metabolism studies can be conducted to identify metabolites and determine pharmacokinetic parameters.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Rupestonic acid (CAS 83161-56-2) has a molecular formula of C15H20O3 and a molecular weight of 248.32 g/mol. It is also known as Pechueloic Acid. Appearance: solid. Melting point: 128-130°C. Boiling point: 438.0±24.0°C at 760 mmHg. Density: 1.12±0.1 g/cm3. Solubility: soluble in acetone, chloroform, dichloromethane, DMSO, ethyl acetate. Storage: 4°C, protect from light; in solvent: -80°C for 6 months, -20°C for 1 month. Purity: ≥95%.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No detailed toxicity data is publicly available. As a natural sesquiterpenoid from Artemisia rupestris, it is generally considered to have low toxicity, but standard toxicological studies would be required for drug development. Resistance to rupestonic acid is mediated by mutations in the viral RNA polymerase. Cross-resistance with other RNA polymerase inhibitors is possible. Monitoring of viral RNA polymerase gene sequencing is recommended to detect resistance mutations.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Pechueloic acid is a sesquiterpene compound. It has been reported that Pechuel-loeschea leubnitziae and Artemisia rupestris contain rupetic acid, but relevant data are unclear.
Rupestonic acid is a research-grade compound and is not approved for therapeutic use. It serves primarily as a pharmacological tool for studying influenza virus infection, antiviral mechanisms, and immunomodulation. Its mechanism of action involves inhibition of influenza virus replication, likely through targeting viral RNA polymerase. It is an important compound in Artemisia rupestris L., a traditional Uighur medicine for treating colds. No clinical trials have been reported. It is often studied in combination with polymerase inhibitors or nucleotide analogs to increase antiviral potency and reduce resistance development. |
| Molecular Formula |
C15H20O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
248.3175
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| Exact Mass |
248.141
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| CAS # |
83161-56-2
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| PubChem CID |
24094149
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
2.968
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
18
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| Complexity |
445
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
C[C@H]1CC[C@H](CC2=C(C(=O)C[C@@H]12)C)C(=C)C(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
ZFHSKBJBODQVBX-AXTRIDKLSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H20O3/c1-8-4-5-11(9(2)15(17)18)6-13-10(3)14(16)7-12(8)13/h8,11-12H,2,4-7H2,1,3H3,(H,17,18)/t8-,11+,12-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
2-[(5R,8S,8aS)-3,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1H-azulen-5-yl]prop-2-enoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~402.71 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.07 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.07 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.07 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.0271 mL | 20.1353 mL | 40.2706 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8054 mL | 4.0271 mL | 8.0541 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4027 mL | 2.0135 mL | 4.0271 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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