| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5g |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Fluorescent dye
Rhodamine B's primary targets in biological research are mitochondria. It accumulates in mitochondria and is used to measure membrane potential. It also stains other cellular components and is used as a general biological stain. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Onion root meristem cells undergo a concentration-dependent decrease in response to rhodamine B. Mitotic action. Onion mushrooms exhibit a variety of nuclear aberrations caused by rhodamine B. root cells. The frequencies of NBUD and BN were higher in the 100 and 200 ppm rhodamine B groups than they were in the positive control (MMS) group. The levels of MDA (b) and H2O2 (a) in onions increased in a concentration-dependent way when exposed to rhodamine B. root [1].
In vitro, Rhodamine B is used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cells. It can also inhibit the proliferation of human lip fibroblasts in culture. It is a dye that can be used to stain cells for microscopy. |
| ln Vivo |
Specific in vivo activity data for Rhodamine B is not detailed in the search results. It is primarily used as a research tool in vitro and for staining purposes.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
The assay for mitochondrial membrane potential using Rhodamine B involves staining cells with the dye and measuring the fluorescence intensity. Cells are incubated with a specific concentration of Rhodamine B. The dye accumulates in the mitochondria in a membrane potential-dependent manner. The fluorescence is then measured using flow cytometry or a fluorescence plate reader.
|
| Cell Assay |
The cytogenetic toxicity of rhodamine B on root tip cells of Allium cepa was investigated. A. cepa were cultured in water (negative control), 10 ppm methyl methanesulfonate (positive control), and three concentrations of rhodamine B (200, 100, and 50 ppm) for 7 days. Rhodamine B inhibited mitotic activity; increased nuclear anomalies, including micronuclei, nuclear buds, and bridged nuclei; and induced oxidative stress in A. cepa root tissues. Furthermore, a substantial amount of long nucleoplasmic bridges were entangled together, and some nuclei were simultaneously linked to several other nuclei and to nuclear buds with nucleoplasmic bridges in rhodamine B-treated cells. In conclusion, rhodamine B induced cytogenetic effects in A. cepa root tip cells, which suggests that the A. cepa root is an ideal model system for detecting cellular interactions [1].
Cells are cultured in standard media. Rhodamine B is added to the culture medium at a specific concentration and incubated for a set period. The cells are then washed and analyzed for fluorescence using flow cytometry or microscopy. |
| Animal Protocol |
Rhodamine B is not typically used in animal models for therapeutic studies. It is a dye and a research reagent.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
...Morphology is similar in dogs, rats, and rabbits, as confirmed by chromatographic analysis of their urinary and fecal extracts. CMPD is extensively absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract: with a 1% dietary addition of CMPD, only 3-5% is recovered unchanged from urine and feces. Rhodamine B has a high binding rate to plasma proteins. In canine pancreatic juice, the dye color intensity decreases in the following order: Basic Fuchsin, Acridine Red, Neofuchsin, Rhodamine B, Phenolic Red, Rhodamine 6G. The adsorption equilibrium of microbial suspensions containing Rhodamine B (determined according to the Langmuir or Freundlich equations) and the melting temperature of Rhodamine B-calf thymus DNA solutions were determined. The adsorption constants of Rhodamine B dye on cells are 6.86 cal/mol (adsorption affinity in the Langmuir equation) and 2.86 (constant K in the Freundlich equation). The melting temperature of Rhodamine B calf thymus DNA solution increased with increasing dye concentration. Metabolism/Metabolites ...enzymatic deethylation; two of the three observed metabolites were identified as N,N'-diethyl-3,6-diaminofluorane and 3,6-diaminofluorane. Rhodamine B has a molecular weight of 479.01 g/mol and a molecular formula of C28H31ClN2O3. It is highly soluble in water, producing a bluish-red solution with strong fluorescence. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
As a dye, Rhodamine B has some toxicity. It is not approved for use in food. Its safety profile is more relevant to its use as an industrial chemical and biological stain.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), D&C Red 19 may be carcinogenic.
CI Edible Red 15 is a green crystal or reddish-purple powder. It is used as a dye, especially in papermaking, and also as a metal chelating agent, as well as in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Rhodamine B is an organochloride salt with an antiion of N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthon-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethylamine. It is an amphoteric dye, commonly used as a fluorescent dye. It can be used as a fluorescent dye, fluorescent probe, and histological dye. It is an organochloride salt and xanthon dye containing Rhodamine B(1+). Rhodamine is a class of xanthon derivatives with fluorescent properties, widely used as tracer dyes in various industrial and laboratory applications. Rhodamine B is a widely used fluorescent dye in research. It is a standard tool for various applications, including fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and as a tracer. It is not a pharmaceutical drug. |
| Molecular Formula |
C28H31CLN2O3
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
479.02
|
| Exact Mass |
478.202
|
| CAS # |
81-88-9
|
| Related CAS # |
14728-79-1
|
| PubChem CID |
6694
|
| Appearance |
Dark purple to black solid
|
| Density |
0.79 g/mL at 20 °C
|
| Melting Point |
210-211 (dec.)(lit.)
|
| Flash Point |
12 °C
|
| LogP |
2.565
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
34
|
| Complexity |
811
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
[Cl-].O=C(C1C(C2=C3C(C=C(N(CC)CC)C=C3)=[O+]C3C2=CC=C(N(CC)CC)C=3)=CC=CC=1)O
|
| InChi Key |
PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C28H30N2O3.ClH/c1-5-29(6-2)19-13-15-23-25(17-19)33-26-18-20(30(7-3)8-4)14-16-24(26)27(23)21-11-9-10-12-22(21)28(31)32;/h9-18H,5-8H2,1-4H3;1H
|
| Chemical Name |
[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)xanthen-3-ylidene]-diethylazanium;chloride
|
| Synonyms |
NSC10475; NSC-10475; NSC 10475
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~125 mg/mL (~260.95 mM)
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~208.76 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.34 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 +5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 + to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 5 mg/mL (10.44 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication (<60°C). (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.0876 mL | 10.4380 mL | 20.8760 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4175 mL | 2.0876 mL | 4.1752 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2088 mL | 1.0438 mL | 2.0876 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
COA