| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 25mg |
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Purity: ≥98%
Physcion (also known as Physcione) is a naturally occuring anthraquinone isolated from roots of Rheum officinale Baill. Physcion has been commercialised in China for controlling powdery mildews. Physcion controls powdery mildew mainly through changing the expression of defence-related genes, and especially enhancing expression of leaf-specific thionin in barley leaves. Rhein induces apoptosis in cancer cell lines and inhibits transforming growth factor β-1 induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in endothelial cells.
| Targets |
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase（IC50=38.5 μM）；6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase（Kd=26.0 μM）
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE, insect) (IC50 = 2.8 μM for Helicoverpa armigera AChE) [1] - iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6 [2] - β-catenin, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins (GSK-3β, c-Myc, Cyclin D1) [3] |
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| ln Vitro |
Physcion has been commercialised in China for controlling powdery mildews. Physcion controls powdery mildew mainly through changing the expression of defence-related genes, and especially enhancing expression of leaf-specific thionin in barley leaves
Rheochrysidin (Parietin; Physcion) exhibited insecticidal activity by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from Helicoverpa armigera, with an IC50 of 2.8 μM. It suppressed AChE-mediated acetylcholine hydrolysis in a dose-dependent manner, leading to neurotoxicity in insect larvae [1] - In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, Rheochrysidin (Parietin; Physcion) (10-50 μM) exerted anti-inflammatory effects. It downregulated the expression of iNOS and COX-2, reduced the production of TNF-α and IL-6, and inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release [2] - In human colorectal cancer cells (HCT116, SW480) and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2), Rheochrysidin (Parietin; Physcion) (5-40 μM) inhibited cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner (IC50: ~18 μM for HCT116; ~22 μM for HepG2 at 72 hours). It induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling by promoting β-catenin phosphorylation and degradation, downregulating c-Myc and Cyclin D1 expression [3] |
| ln Vivo |
In Helicoverpa armigera larvae-infested cotton plants, foliar application of Rheochrysidin (Parietin; Physcion) (50 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL) reduced larval survival rate by ~45% and ~68% respectively, and inhibited larval growth (body weight reduced by ~32% and ~55%). It also decreased AChE activity in larval brain tissues by ~38% and ~52% [1]
- In LPS-induced acute inflammation mouse models, oral administration of Rheochrysidin (Parietin; Physcion) (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg) reduced paw edema volume by ~30% and ~52% at 4 hours post-LPS injection. It decreased serum TNF-α, IL-6 levels and liver iNOS/COX-2 mRNA expression [2] - In nude mice bearing HCT116 colorectal cancer xenografts, intraperitoneal administration of Rheochrysidin (Parietin; Physcion) (15 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, once daily for 21 days) significantly reduced tumor volume by ~40% and ~63%, and tumor weight by ~37% and ~60%. It inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling in tumor tissues (decreased β-catenin, c-Myc, Cyclin D1 expression) and reduced Ki-67-positive proliferating cells [3] |
| Enzyme Assay |
Insect AChE activity assay: Recombinant Helicoverpa armigera AChE was incubated with acetylthiocholine iodide (substrate) and different concentrations of Rheochrysidin (Parietin; Physcion) at 30°C for 30 minutes. The reaction product was detected by dithiobisnitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) colorimetry, and AChE inhibition rate was calculated [1]
- iNOS/COX-2 activity assay: LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage lysates were incubated with iNOS/COX-2 substrates and Rheochrysidin (Parietin; Physcion) (10-50 μM) at 37°C for 60 minutes. NO production was measured by Griess reagent, and PGE2 levels were detected by ELISA to evaluate enzyme activity [2] - Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity assay: Nuclear extracts from cancer cells were incubated with biotin-labeled β-catenin-specific DNA probe and Rheochrysidin (Parietin; Physcion) (5-40 μM). The DNA-protein complex was detected by streptavidin-conjugated reagents, and β-catenin transcriptional activity was quantified [3] |
| Cell Assay |
Insect cell assay: Helicoverpa armigera midgut cells were seeded in 96-well plates and treated with Rheochrysidin (Parietin; Physcion) (0-20 μM) for 48 hours. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay; AChE activity in cell lysates was measured by DTNB colorimetry [1]
- Macrophage inflammation assay: RAW264.7 macrophages were pretreated with Rheochrysidin (Parietin; Physcion) (10-50 μM) for 2 hours, then stimulated with LPS. Cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6) levels in supernatants were detected by ELISA; iNOS/COX-2 expression was analyzed by Western blot and PCR [2] - Cancer cell assay: HCT116/HepG2 cells were seeded in 96-well plates and treated with Rheochrysidin (Parietin; Physcion) (0-40 μM) for 24-72 hours. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay; cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry after propidium iodide staining; β-catenin, GSK-3β, c-Myc, Cyclin D1 expression was detected by Western blot [3] |
| Animal Protocol |
Insecticidal activity model: Cotton plants were sprayed with Rheochrysidin (Parietin; Physcion) solution (50 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL) until foliage was wet. Third-instar Helicoverpa armigera larvae were inoculated onto treated plants, with 10 larvae per plant. Larval survival rate and body weight were recorded after 7 days; larval brain tissues were collected to measure AChE activity [1]
- Acute inflammation model: Mice were randomly divided into control, LPS-induced, and Rheochrysidin (Parietin; Physcion) treatment groups. The drug was dissolved in 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium and administered by oral gavage at 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg 1 hour before LPS intraperitoneal injection. Paw volume was measured at 1, 2, 4, 6 hours post-LPS; serum and liver tissues were collected for cytokine and mRNA detection [2] - Colorectal cancer xenograft model: Nude mice were subcutaneously inoculated with HCT116 cells. When tumors reached ~120 mm³, mice were randomized into control and treatment groups. Rheochrysidin (Parietin; Physcion) was dissolved in normal saline and administered intraperitoneally at 15 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg once daily for 21 days. Tumor volume was measured every 3 days; mice were sacrificed to collect tumors for immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis [3] |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
In vitro experiments showed that Rheochrysidin (Parietin; Physcion) at concentrations up to 40 μM had no significant cytotoxicity to normal human colorectal epithelial cells (NCM460) and normal hepatocytes (LO2) [3]. In vivo experiments showed that in animal models, administration of Rheochrysidin (Parietin; Physcion) (at doses up to 40 mg/kg for 21 days) did not cause significant changes in body weight, organ index, or serum ALT/AST/creatinine levels [2][3].
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Physcion is a dihydroxyanthraquinone with the structure 9,10-anthraquinone, containing hydroxyl substituents at positions 1 and 8, a methoxy group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 6. It has been widely isolated and identified from terrestrial and marine organisms. Emodin possesses various activities including inducing apoptosis, antitumor activity, hepatoprotective activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, and metabolic activity. Its functions are related to 2-methylanthraquinone. Emodin has been reported to be found in Alternaria porri, Cortinarius canarius, and other organisms with relevant data. See also: Frangula pulchella bark (partial). Rheum palmatum root (partial).
Parietin (Physcion) is an anthraquinone derivative isolated from the rhizomes of Rheum palmatum L. and other plants in the Rheum genus[2][3] - Its insecticidal mechanism involves the specific inhibition of insect acetylcholinesterase (AChE), making it a potential natural pest control insecticide[1] - Its anti-inflammatory effect is achieved by downregulating iNOS/COX-2 expression and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines[2] - It exerts its anti-colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma activity by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and inducing cell cycle arrest[3] |
| Molecular Formula |
C16H12O5
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| Molecular Weight |
284.26
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| Exact Mass |
284.068
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 67.60; H, 4.26; O, 28.14
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| CAS # |
521-61-9
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| Related CAS # |
Physcion-d3;1215751-27-1
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| PubChem CID |
10639
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| Appearance |
Yellow to orange solid powder
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
560.5±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
196-206°C
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| Flash Point |
215.4±23.6 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.678
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| LogP |
5.2
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
21
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| Complexity |
448
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O)OC)C2=O
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| InChi Key |
FFWOKTFYGVYKIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H12O5/c1-7-3-9-13(11(17)4-7)16(20)14-10(15(9)19)5-8(21-2)6-12(14)18/h3-6,17-18H,1-2H3
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| Chemical Name |
1,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyl-9,10-anthracenedione
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| Synonyms |
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : 2~3.33 mg/mL ( 7.03~11.71 mM)
THF :~2.5 mg/mL (~8.79 mM ) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
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| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.5179 mL | 17.5895 mL | 35.1791 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7036 mL | 3.5179 mL | 7.0358 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3518 mL | 1.7590 mL | 3.5179 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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