| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Not applicable (vitamin A analog/nutrient, not a drug with specific therapeutic targets). Retinyl palmitate is converted to retinol and then to retinoic acid, which binds to retinoic acid receptors (RARs and RXRs) to regulate gene expression involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and skin health.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
The formula of retinal palmitate is stable and has a high molecular weight. For retinyl palmitate to be effective, it must first undergo ester bond cleavage in the skin by an enzyme, converting retinol to retinoin by an oxidative process [1].
In vitro, Retinyl palmitate has antiproliferative effects. It induces cell differentiation and inhibits cell proliferation. It can be absorbed through the skin, resist keratinization, stimulate the growth of collagen and elastin, and increase the thickness of the epidermis and dermis. Quantitative IC50 values are not detailed in publicly available sources. |
| ln Vivo |
When retinyl palmitate is applied topically to rats, the epidermis thickens and produces an increase in protein and collagen [1].
In vivo, Retinyl palmitate is used as a stable form of vitamin A in nutritional supplements and topical skincare products. It is converted to retinol and then to retinoic acid, which exerts various biological effects including promotion of cell turnover, improvement of skin tone, and support of collagen synthesis. It enhances skin elasticity, effectively eliminates wrinkles, and promotes skin renewal. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Not applicable. Retinyl palmitate is not typically used in cell-free enzyme/receptor binding assays as a test compound, though its active metabolite retinoic acid is used in receptor binding studies.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular activity is assessed in skin cells (keratinocytes, fibroblasts) or cancer cell lines. Cells are treated with Retinyl palmitate, and endpoints include cell proliferation (MTT), differentiation markers (keratin, involucrin), collagen synthesis (ELISA), and gene expression analysis (qPCR).
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo efficacy is evaluated in animal models of skin aging or in clinical use as a topical skincare ingredient. Retinyl palmitate is applied topically or administered orally. Endpoints include skin thickness, collagen content, wrinkle reduction, and histological analysis.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Molecular weight: 524.86 g/mol; molecular formula: C36H60O2 (or C38H62O2). CAS No.: 79-81-2. Purity: typically ≥90% for research use. Appearance: typically a solid or oil. Solubility: soluble in organic solvents; insoluble in water. Storage: protected from light, heat, and oxygen.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Retinyl palmitate has low toxicity when used topically or orally at recommended doses. High doses of vitamin A derivatives may cause toxicity (hypervitaminosis A) with prolonged use. Topical use may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
All-trans retinyl palmitate is an all-trans retinyl ester formed by the condensation of the carboxyl group of palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxyl group of all-trans retinol. It is used in cosmetics to treat various skin conditions such as acne, aging skin, wrinkles, and age spots, and may prevent psoriasis. It is an E. coli metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite, and an antioxidant. It is a retinyl palmitate and an all-trans retinyl ester, functionally related to all-trans retinol. Retinyl palmitate is a natural phenyl analogue of retinol (vitamin A) with potential antitumor and chemopreventive activities. Retinyl palmitate is the most common form of vitamin A in dietary supplements; it binds to and activates retinoid receptors, thereby inducing cell differentiation and inhibiting cell proliferation. Furthermore, this substance can inhibit carcinogen-induced tumor transformation, induce apoptosis in certain cancer cells, and has immunomodulatory properties. (NCI04) See also: Retinol (containing the active moiety)... See more...
Retinyl palmitate is an FDA-approved ingredient in over-the-counter skincare products, sunscreens, moisturizers, and nutritional supplements. It is not a drug but is used as a stable form of vitamin A in cosmetic and nutritional applications. It is converted to active vitamin A (retinol/retinoic acid) in the body. |
| Molecular Formula |
C₃₆H₆₀O₂
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
524.86
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| Exact Mass |
524.459
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| CAS # |
79-81-2
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| PubChem CID |
5280531
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid-liquid Mixture
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| Density |
0.9±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
607.5±24.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
41678ºC
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| Flash Point |
79.7±21.2 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.7 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.508
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| LogP |
14.83
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
21
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| Heavy Atom Count |
38
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| Complexity |
803
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C(/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
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| InChi Key |
VYGQUTWHTHXGQB-FFHKNEKCSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C36H60O2/c1-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-25-35(37)38-30-28-32(3)23-20-22-31(2)26-27-34-33(4)24-21-29-36(34,5)6/h20,22-23,26-28H,7-19,21,24-25,29-30H2,1-6H3/b23-20+,27-26+,31-22+,32-28+
|
| Chemical Name |
[(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenyl] hexadecanoate
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| Synonyms |
Retinol palmitate; Vitamin A palmitate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
Ethanol : ~10 mg/mL (~19.05 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1 mg/mL (1.91 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% EtOH + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 10.0 mg/mL clear EtOH stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL of Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL of normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 1 mg/mL (1.91 mM) in 10% EtOH + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 10.0 mg/mL clear EtOH stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 1 mg/mL (1.91 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% EtOH + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.9053 mL | 9.5263 mL | 19.0527 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3811 mL | 1.9053 mL | 3.8105 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1905 mL | 0.9526 mL | 1.9053 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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