| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Rebamipide's primary mechanism of action is the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) synthesis, which leads to an increase in endogenous prostaglandin synthesis in the gastric mucosa. This enhances gastric mucosal defense. It also acts as a scavenger of oxygen-derived free radicals, providing additional cytoprotective effects.
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| ln Vitro |
The drug rebamipide (1.4, 2.7, 5.4 mM; 24 h) suppresses the growth of cells [1]. In AGS cells, rebamipide (5.4 mM; 30 min) activates Smad signal blue [1]. Rebamipide in AGS (5.4 mM; 3 h)
In vitro, Rebamipide induces COX-2 expression and increases PGE2 levels, thereby enhancing gastric mucosal defense in a COX-2-dependent manner. It also exerts anti-proliferative activity against gastric cancer cells. |
| ln Vivo |
Rebamipide (5, 15, 50 mg/kg; once daily for 14 days in a row) protects the right side of the stomach mucosa from acid injury and increases the expression of COX-2 and PGE2 in the gastric mucosa [2].
In vivo, Rebamipide is used to treat gastritis and gastric ulcers. Topical application increases the number of goblet cells in the bulbar conjunctiva, indicating its role in mucosal protection. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The activity of Rebamipide can be studied in cell-free systems by measuring its ability to scavenge free radicals, such as in the DPPH assay. Its effect on COX-2 enzyme activity is typically assessed in cell-based models.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell Proliferation Assay[1]
Cell Types: AGS cells Tested Concentrations: 1.4, 2.7, 5.4 mM Incubation Duration: 24 h Experimental Results: Cell proliferation was Dramatically diminished in a concentration-dependent manner. . Western Blot Analysis[1] Cell Types: AGS Cell Tested Concentrations: 5.4 mM Incubation Duration: 30 minutes or 3 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: The phosphorylation of Smad2/3 Dramatically increased 1.2-fold at 30 minutes, and the Smad2/3-Smad4 complex was formed 1.4 times. At 3 hrs (hours), the expression of p21 protein was up-regulated 2.5-fold. For cellular assays, gastric epithelial cells are treated with Rebamipide, and the expression of COX-2 and the production of PGE2 are measured by qPCR and ELISA, respectively. Its anti-proliferative effect can be studied in gastric cancer cell lines. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Specific pathogen-free male SD (SD (Sprague-Dawley)) rats (200-230 g; 7 weeks old) [2].
Doses: 5, 15, 50 mg/kg Route of Administration: Oral; one time/day for 14 days. Experimental Results: COX-2 immunoreactivity and PGE2 levels increased in a dose-dependent manner. (PGE2 is associated with protecting the gastric mucosa from various injuries and accelerating gastric wound healing). Inhibits gastric mucosal bleeding and erosion caused by intragastric (po) (po)administration of HCl. In vivo, Rebamipide is administered orally. Its gastroprotective efficacy is evaluated in animal models of gastric ulcer, such as those induced by ethanol or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Rebamipide is an orally active compound. It is well-absorbed and has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile for the treatment of gastrointestinal conditions.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Rebamipide is generally well-tolerated. As a gastroprotective agent, its safety profile is well-established through clinical use.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
2-[[(4-chlorophenyl)-oxymethyl]amino]-3-(2-oxo-1H-quinolin-4-yl)propionic acid is a secondary amide. Rebamipide has been investigated for the treatment of gastric ulcers, dry keratoconjunctivitis, gastric adenoma, and early gastric cancer. Rebamipide is a quinolinone derivative with anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities. Rebamipide induces the synthesis of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), thereby increasing the synthesis of endogenous prostaglandins in the gastric mucosa. This drug also inhibits Helicobacter pylori-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α production and subsequent gastric mucosal inflammation. Furthermore, rebamipide scavenges oxygen free radicals that may cause mucosal damage and stimulates prostaglandin EP4 receptor gene expression, thereby promoting mucus secretion and enhancing the defensive capabilities of the gastric mucosa.
Rebamipide is a clinically approved drug used in the treatment of gastritis and gastric ulcers in several countries. It is marketed under brand names such as Mucosta. Its multi-faceted mechanism of action, combining prostaglandin induction with free radical scavenging, makes it a unique and effective mucosal protective agent. |
| Molecular Formula |
C19H15CLN2O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
370.78
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| Exact Mass |
370.072
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| CAS # |
90098-04-7
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| Related CAS # |
Rebamipide-d4;1219409-06-9
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| PubChem CID |
5042
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
695.0±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
288-290ºC dec.
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| Flash Point |
374.1±31.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.634
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| LogP |
2.9
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
26
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| Complexity |
598
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CC(=O)N2)CC(C(=O)O)NC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl
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| InChi Key |
ALLWOAVDORUJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H15ClN2O4/c20-13-7-5-11(6-8-13)18(24)22-16(19(25)26)9-12-10-17(23)21-15-4-2-1-3-14(12)15/h1-8,10,16H,9H2,(H,21,23)(H,22,24)(H,25,26)
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| Chemical Name |
2-[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]-3-(2-oxo-1H-quinolin-4-yl)propanoic acid
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| Synonyms |
Mucosta; Proamipide; Rebamipide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~33.33 mg/mL (~89.89 mM)
H2O : ~0.1 mg/mL (~0.27 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 2.5 mg/mL (6.74 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.74 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.6970 mL | 13.4851 mL | 26.9702 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5394 mL | 2.6970 mL | 5.3940 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2697 mL | 1.3485 mL | 2.6970 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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