| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Rafoxanide's primary target is the oxidative phosphorylation pathway in parasites. By uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation, it disrupts the production of ATP, the primary energy source for cells. This leads to a depletion of energy in the parasite, resulting in its death.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Rafoxanide exhibits anthelmintic activity against various parasites, including Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) and Haemonchus contortus (barber's pole worm). Its activity is assessed by measuring its ability to inhibit parasite motility and survival in culture.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Rafoxanide is used in veterinary medicine to treat fascioliasis and other parasitic infections in livestock, such as sheep and cattle. It is typically administered orally or by injection. Its efficacy is assessed by measuring the reduction in parasite burden in treated animals.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro activity of Rafoxanide is assessed using parasite motility assays and viability assays. Parasites (e.g., Fasciola hepatica or Haemonchus contortus) are collected from infected animals and maintained in culture medium. Various concentrations of Rafoxanide (typically ranging from 0.1 to 100 µg/mL) are added to the culture, and the motility of the parasites is assessed under a microscope. The viability of the parasites is assessed by measuring the uptake of vital dyes or by assessing the integrity of the parasite's tegument.
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| Cell Assay |
For cellular assays, parasite cells or tissues are used. The effect of Rafoxanide on ATP levels can be assessed by measuring ATP content using a bioluminescent assay. The effect on mitochondrial function can be assessed by measuring oxygen consumption.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo, Rafoxanide is administered to livestock orally as a drench or as a feed additive, or by injection. The efficacy is assessed by collecting fecal samples before and after treatment and performing fecal egg counts to measure the reduction in parasite egg output. At necropsy, the reduction in the number of adult parasites in the tissues is assessed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Specific pharmacokinetic data for Rafoxanide in livestock is not detailed in the provided search results. As a veterinary drug, it is absorbed after oral administration and distributed to various tissues. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted in the bile and feces.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Rafoxanide has a specific toxicity profile for the target parasites while being relatively safe for the host animal when used at recommended doses. Overdose can lead to toxicity in the host, including effects on the liver and other organs.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Veterinary deworming drugs for grazing animals; used to treat fluke, hookworm and other parasitic infections.
Rafoxanide is a veterinary drug used to control fluke and other parasitic infections in livestock. It is an important tool in the management of parasitic diseases that can cause significant economic losses in the agricultural industry. Its use is regulated by veterinary authorities. |
| Molecular Formula |
C19H11CL2I2NO3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
626.01
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| Exact Mass |
624.82
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| CAS # |
22662-39-1
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| Related CAS # |
Rafoxanide 13C6;1353867-98-7
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| PubChem CID |
31475
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
2.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
526.6±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
169ºC
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| Flash Point |
272.3±30.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.4 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.753
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| LogP |
9.36
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
27
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| Complexity |
507
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
NEMNPWINWMHUMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H11Cl2I2NO3/c20-10-1-4-13(5-2-10)27-17-6-3-12(9-15(17)21)24-19(26)14-7-11(22)8-16(23)18(14)25/h1-9,25H,(H,24,26)
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| Chemical Name |
N-[3-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzamide
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| Synonyms |
Disalan; BRN 2228187; Rafoxanide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 31 mg/mL (~49.52 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.99 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.99 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.5974 mL | 7.9871 mL | 15.9742 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3195 mL | 1.5974 mL | 3.1948 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1597 mL | 0.7987 mL | 1.5974 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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