| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
|
| Targets |
PQQ targets redox enzymes and functions as a cofactor for some bacterial alcohol dehydrogenases. It is a quinone and redox enzyme cofactor found in a variety of bacteria. PQQ stimulates cell proliferation, reduces glutamate-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It enhances immune response and reduces oxidative stress.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
The immune systems, baldness, stooped posture, and vulnerability to aortic aneurysms are all present in mice pups that are born and nursed by moms deficient in pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) [2].
In vitro, PQQ stimulates cell proliferation and reduces glutamate-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It functions as a redox cofactor for bacterial enzymes. Its antioxidant properties have been demonstrated in various cell-based assays. PQQ's ability to protect against oxidative stress and promote cell survival makes it a valuable research tool. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, PQQ is known for its neuroprotective properties, promoting cognitive function and overall brain health. It enhances immune response and reduces oxidative stress. PQQ is present in mammalian tissues and has diverse biological activities. It is used in research on neurodegeneration, cognitive function, and oxidative stress.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for PQQ measure its ability to function as a redox cofactor. The compound is used as a cofactor for dehydrogenases, and its redox cycling activity is monitored spectrophotometrically. Antioxidant assays such as DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, and ORAC assays measure its ability to neutralize free radicals. Its effects on ROS production are measured in cell-based assays.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular studies are conducted using neuronal cell lines or other cell types. Cells are treated with PQQ at various concentrations. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or other assays. ROS production is measured using fluorescent probes (e.g., DCFH-DA). Mitochondrial function is assessed by measuring oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ATP production. Neuroprotective effects are evaluated in models of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments are performed in models of neurodegeneration, cognitive decline, or oxidative stress. Animals are administered PQQ via dietary supplementation or injection. Cognitive function is assessed using behavioral tests (e.g., Morris water maze, novel object recognition). Neuroprotection is evaluated by measuring neuronal survival, oxidative stress markers, and inflammation in brain tissues.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pyrroloquinoline quinone has a molecular formula of C14H6N2O8 and a molecular weight of 330.20 g/mol. It is also known as Methoxatin. It is a water-soluble, vitamin-like redox-cycling orthoquinone. For storage, it should be kept at -20°C, protected from light and moisture. The compound is supplied with high purity for research purposes. It is a redox cofactor found in bacteria and mammalian tissues.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
As a research chemical, PQQ is not intended for human therapeutic use. Its toxicological profile is not fully characterized. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling it. Its effects are related to its mechanism as a redox cofactor and antioxidant, which could have neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Pyrroloquinoline quinone is a pyrroloquinoline compound with carbonyl groups at positions 4 and 5, and carboxyl groups at positions 2, 7, and 9. It functions as a water-soluble vitamin, cofactor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent. It is an ortho-quinone compound, a tricarboxylic acid, and a pyrroloquinoline cofactor. It is the conjugate acid of pyrroloquinoline quinone (3-). Pyrroloquinoline quinone is a metabolite found or produced in Escherichia coli (strains K12 and MG1655). It has also been reported to be found in Hyphomicrobium, with relevant data available. A pyrroloquinoline compound with two adjacent ketone groups and three acidic carboxyl groups at positions 4 and 5, respectively. It is a coenzyme for certain dehydrogenases.
Pyrroloquinoline quinone is also known as PQQ and Methoxatin. It is a redox cofactor, an anionic redox cycling orthoquinone. PQQ was originally extracted from cultures of methylophilic bacteria and is also present in mammalian tissues. It is known for its neuroprotective properties, promoting cognitive function and overall brain health. It is used in research on neurodegeneration, cognitive function, and oxidative stress. |
| Molecular Formula |
C14H6N2O8
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
330.2060
|
| Exact Mass |
330.012
|
| CAS # |
72909-34-3
|
| PubChem CID |
1024
|
| Appearance |
Pink to red solid powder
|
| Density |
2.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
1018.6±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
569.8±34.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.801
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| LogP |
-0.65
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
9
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
24
|
| Complexity |
647
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| InChi Key |
MMXZSJMASHPLLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H6N2O8/c17-10-4-2-6(14(23)24)15-8(4)7-3(12(19)20)1-5(13(21)22)16-9(7)11(10)18/h1-2,15H,(H,19,20)(H,21,22)(H,23,24)
|
| Chemical Name |
4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~1 mg/mL (~3.03 mM)
DMSO :< 1 mg/mL |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 1 mg/mL (3.03 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication (<60°C).
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.0284 mL | 15.1419 mL | 30.2838 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6057 mL | 3.0284 mL | 6.0568 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3028 mL | 1.5142 mL | 3.0284 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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