| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5g |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| ln Vitro |
The B6 vitamin pyridoxamine (PM) is a strong reactive carbonyl scavenger that prevents the production of AGE by blocking the last stages of the glycation reaction [1].
|
|---|---|
| ln Vivo |
In STZ diabetic rats, pyridoxamine prevents the production of CML and CEL, restricts the cross-linking of skin collagen, and eventually prevents the onset of nephropathy. Because it offers little defense against lipid peroxidation, pyridoxamine does not seem to have an antioxidant role. In Zucker rats, it also inhibits the production of 4-hydroxynonenal adducts and malondialdehyde on proteins, hence preventing protein modifications of lipid peroxidation products [1].
|
| Animal Protocol |
Female Sprague-Dawley rats (~175 g) were made diabetic by a single intravenous injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg in 0.1 mol/L citrate buffer). Nondiabetic control rats received citrate buffer only. One week after induction, diabetic animals with blood glucose levels >15 mmol/L were enrolled. [1]
Pyridoxamine was administered at a concentration of 1 g/L in the drinking water for 29 weeks. Based on water intake during the last half of the study, the daily intake of pyridoxamine was approximately 155 mg per animal. Diabetic rats also received ultralente insulin (3-4 IU) three times a week to promote weight gain and limit hyperglycemia. [1] At the end of the 29-week study, animals were anesthetized with isoflurane, blood was removed by cardiac puncture, and animals were killed by over-anesthetization. Eyes were removed for analysis. Retinal vascular digests were prepared by trypsin digestion, stained with hematoxylin and light green, and acellular capillaries were counted per square millimeter in the central retinal capillary beds. Laminin immunoreactivity in retinal vascular digests was assessed using a polyclonal rabbit anti-laminin antibody and confocal microscopy, graded on a four-part scale. [1] Cryosections of retinas were prepared and immunohistochemistry was performed using a rabbit anti-CML antiserum, with detection using a biotinylated secondary antibody and ABC complex, visualized with 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole. CML immunoreactivity was graded on a four-part scale. [1] Retinal RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed into cDNA, and real-time PCR using a LightCycler system was performed to quantify mRNA expression of fibronectin, laminin (β chain), and collagen IV, normalized to the housekeeping gene acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein. [1] |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is a hydrochloride salt prepared by reacting pyridoxine with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. It is used to treat diabetic nephropathy. It can also be used as a metabolite of E. coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, humans, mice, plants, as an iron chelator, and a nephroprotective agent. It is a hydrochloride salt and also a form of vitamin B6. It contains pyridoxine (2+) ions.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C8H14CL2N2O2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
241.112
|
| Exact Mass |
240.043
|
| CAS # |
524-36-7
|
| Related CAS # |
Pyridoxylamine;85-87-0
|
| PubChem CID |
10664
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.282g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
460.1ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
224-226 °C (dec.)(lit.)
|
| Flash Point |
232.1ºC
|
| LogP |
2.35
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
14
|
| Complexity |
143
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| InChi Key |
HNWCOANXZNKMLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H12N2O2.2ClH/c1-5-8(12)7(2-9)6(4-11)3-10-5;;/h3,11-12H,2,4,9H2,1H3;2*1H
|
| Chemical Name |
4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol;dihydrochloride
|
| Synonyms |
K 163 K163K-163 Pyridoxamine dihydrochloride Pyridoxamine Pyridoxamine HCl
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~120 mg/mL (~497.70 mM)
H2O : ~120 mg/mL (~497.70 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 3 mg/mL (12.44 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 30.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 3 mg/mL (12.44 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 30.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 3 mg/mL (12.44 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (414.75 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.1475 mL | 20.7374 mL | 41.4748 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8295 mL | 4.1475 mL | 8.2950 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4147 mL | 2.0737 mL | 4.1475 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
