| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Pyocyanin does not have a specific therapeutic target but functions as a virulence factor and signaling molecule in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is a redox-active compound that acts as an electron acceptor, stimulating redox cycling in bacteria, liver cells, and human epithelial cell lines. Pyocyanin also activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. By promoting ROS production and inducing apoptosis in neutrophils, it modulates the host immune response.
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| ln Vitro |
Pyocyanin exhibits antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity. It promotes ROS production through redox cycling. Pyocyanin induces a time- and concentration-dependent acceleration of neutrophil apoptosis, with 50 µM resulting in a 10-fold induction of apoptosis at 5 hours. It inhibits the beating of human respiratory cilia and causes epithelial disruption. Pyocyanin also promotes extracellular DNA release and selectively harms quorum sensing-defective mutant bacteria.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, pyocyanin production by P. aeruginosa suppresses the acute inflammatory response by accelerating neutrophil apoptosis and reducing local inflammation in a murine model of acute pneumonia. Pyocyanin (600 ng) resulted in a 60% reduction in tracheal mucus velocity at 3 hours in animal models. Pyocyanin induces a 10-fold acceleration of neutrophil apoptosis in vivo and impairs neutrophil-mediated host defenses. Bacterial clearance from the lungs is reduced in the presence of pyocyanin.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro assay for pyocyanin typically involves testing its effects on various cell types. Neutrophils are incubated with pyocyanin at concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 µM, and apoptosis is assessed by Annexin V staining or caspase activity assays. ROS production is measured using fluorescent probes such as DCFH-DA. Ciliary beat frequency is assessed using respiratory epithelial cells. The compound is dissolved in DMSO and diluted in cell culture medium.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for pyocyanin typically involve treating various cell types (neutrophils, macrophages, epithelial cells) with the compound at concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 µM for various time periods. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or trypan blue exclusion assays. Apoptosis is assessed by Annexin V/PI staining, caspase activity assays, or DNA fragmentation. ROS production is measured using DCFH-DA or other fluorescent probes. The compound is dissolved in DMSO and diluted in cell culture medium.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for pyocyanin typically involve intratracheal instillation of wild-type or pyocyanin-deficient P. aeruginosa strains in mice. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is collected to measure neutrophil counts, cytokine levels (MIP-2, KC, IL-6, IL-1β), and bacterial clearance. Tracheal mucus velocity is measured in animal models following pyocyanin administration. The compound is administered intratracheally or by instillation.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pyocyanin has a molecular weight of 210.23 g/mol and formula C13H10N2O. It appears as a blue to dark blue solid powder with a density of 1.24 g/cm³ and boiling point of 403.3°C. LogP is 2.356. It is soluble in DMSO (~9.09 mg/mL). Recommended storage is powder at -20°C for 3 years, protected from moisture and light. Pyocyanin is a redox compound that stimulates redox cycling.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Pyocyanin is a toxic compound produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and is intended for research use only. It is not approved for human therapeutic applications. Pyocyanin induces neutrophil apoptosis and impairs host defenses. Appropriate safety precautions should be taken when handling, as it is a toxic metabolite. Standard toxicity assessments would include acute toxicity, genotoxicity, and repeated-dose toxicity studies.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Antibiotic pigments produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Pyocyanin (CAS 85-66-5) is a toxic, blue-green phenazine pigment and quorum-sensing-controlled metabolite produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It has a molecular weight of 210.23 g/mol and formula C13H10N2O. Pyocyanin is a redox-active compound that promotes ROS production, has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and induces neutrophil apoptosis. It is used in research on Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections and host-pathogen interactions. Pyocyanin is also known as pyocyanine, sanasin, and sanazin. |
| Molecular Formula |
C13H10N2O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
210.2313
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| Exact Mass |
210.079
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| CAS # |
85-66-5
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| PubChem CID |
6817
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| Appearance |
Blue to dark blue solid powder
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| Density |
1.24g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
403.3ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
197.7ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.665
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| LogP |
2.356
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
16
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| Complexity |
420
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
YNCMLFHHXWETLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C13H10N2O/c1-15-10-6-3-2-5-9(10)14-13-11(15)7-4-8-12(13)16/h2-8H,1H3
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| Chemical Name |
5-methylphenazin-1-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~9.09 mg/mL (~43.24 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 0.91 mg/mL (4.33 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 9.1 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 0.91 mg/mL (4.33 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 9.1 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.7567 mL | 23.7835 mL | 47.5670 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9513 mL | 4.7567 mL | 9.5134 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4757 mL | 2.3783 mL | 4.7567 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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