Promazine hydrochloride's half-life (KD) on the human norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine transporters is 25, 190, and 8400 nM, respectively [3].

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Absorption may be erratic and peak plasma concentrations show large interindividual differences.
IV ADMIN RESULTS PEAK IN ABOUT 5 MIN, IM IN ABOUT 20-30 MIN, ORAL IN ABOUT 1-2 HR. PARENTERAL EFFECTS ARE MORE PREDICTABLE, & USUALLY REQUIRE ABOUT HALF ORAL DOSAGE FOR SOME COMPARABLE EFFECTS.

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Metabolism / Metabolites
Hepatic, primarily to N-desmethylpromazine and promazine sulfoxide.
YIELDS DEMETHYLPROMAZINE, PROMAZINE-N-OXIDE, & PROMAZINE SULFOXIDE IN MAN & IN RAT; YIELDS 3-HYDROXYPROMAZINE & PHENOTHIAZINE IN MAN. /FROM TABLE/
...METAB...BY OXIDATIVE PROCESSES MEDIATED LARGELY BY HEPATIC MICROSOMAL & OTHER DRUG-METABOLIZING ENZYMES. CONJUGATION WITH GLUCURONIC ACID...PROMINENT ROUTE.../PRC: REACTIONS INCL HYDROXYLATION, DEMETHYLATION, SULFOXIDE FORMATION; METABOLIC ALTERATIONS IN SIDE CHAIN MAY ALSO OCCUR/. /PHENOTHIAZINES/
Promazine has known human metabolites that include Promazine 5-sulfoxide and N-Desmethyl promazine.
Hepatic, primarily to N-desmethylpromazine and promazine sulfoxide. Absorption may be erratic and peak plasma concentrations show large interindividual differences. The metabolism occurs through oxidative processes mediated largely by hepatic microsomal and other drug metabolizing enzymes. Antoher step is the conjugaion with glucuronic acid. Other reactions include hydroxylation, demetylation, and sulfoxide formation. Moreover, metabolic alterations in side chain may also occur (A308, A631).

Protein Binding
94%

[1]. Gareri P, et al. Conventional and atypical antipsychotics in the elderly : a review. Clin Drug Investig. 2003;23(5):287-322.
[2]. Myers PR, et al. Characterization of a depolarizing dopamine response in a vertebrate neuronal somatic cell hybrid. J Cell Physiol. 1977;91(1):103-118.
[3]. Tatsumi M, et al. Pharmacological profile of neuroleptics at human monoamine transporters. Eur J Pharmacol. 1999;368(2-3):277-283.

Promazine is a phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position. It has a role as a dopaminergic antagonist, a H1-receptor antagonist, a muscarinic antagonist, a serotonergic antagonist, a phenothiazine antipsychotic drug, an antiemetic and an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor. It is a member of phenothiazines and a tertiary amine.
A phenothiazine with actions similar to chlorpromazine but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic. It is currently not approved for use in the United States.
Promazine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a phenothiazine with actions similar to chlorpromazine but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic. Promazine is an antagonist at types 1, 2, and 4 dopamine receptors, 5-HT receptor types 2A and 2C, muscarinic receptors 1 through 5, alpha(1)-receptors, and histamine H1-receptors. Promazine's antipsychotic effect is due to antagonism at dopamine and serotonin type 2 receptors, with greater activity at serotonin 5-HT2 receptors than at dopamine type-2 receptors. This may explain the lack of extrapyramidal effects. Promazine does not appear to block dopamine within the tubero-infundibular tract, explaining the lower incidence of hyperprolactinemia than with typical antipsychotic agents or risperidone. Antagonism at muscarinic receptors, H1-receptors, and alpha(1)-receptors also occurs with promazine.
A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.

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Drug Indication
Used as an adjunct for short term treatment of moderate and severe psychomotor agitation. Also used to treat agitation or restlessness in the elderly.

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Mechanism of Action
Promazine is an antagonist at types 1, 2, and 4 dopamine receptors, 5-HT receptor types 2A and 2C, muscarinic receptors 1 through 5, alpha(1)-receptors, and histamine H1-receptors. Promazine's antipsychotic effect is due to antagonism at dopamine and serotonin type 2 receptors, with greater activity at serotonin 5-HT2 receptors than at dopamine type-2 receptors. This may explain the lack of extrapyramidal effects. Promazine does not appear to block dopamine within the tubero-infundibular tract, explaining the lower incidence of hyperprolactinemia than with typical antipsychotic agents or risperidone. Antagonism at muscarinic receptors, H1-receptors, and alpha(1)-receptors also occurs with promazine.
THERE IS AN ADENYLATE CYCLASE IN LIMBIC SYSTEM, AS WELL AS IN CAUDATE NUCLEUS, THAT IS SPECIFICALLY ACTIVATED BY DOPAMINE. ...ACTIVATION OF...ENZYME IS... BLOCKED BY...PHENOTHIAZINES. ...THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY & SIDE EFFECTS MAY RELATE TO INHIBITION OF DOPAMINE ACTIVATION OF ADENYLATE CYCLASE. /PHENOTHIAZINES/
...PHENOTHIAZINES, BLOCK DOPAMINE RECEPTORS & INCR TURNOVER RATE OF DOPAMINE IN CORPUS STRIATUM. INCR TURNOVER RATE IS BELIEVED TO BE RESULT OF NEURONAL FEEDBACK MECHANISM. ...FIRING OF.../IDENTIFIED DOPAMINERGIC NEURONS IN SUBSTANTIA NIGRA & VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREAS/ IS INCR BY ANTIPSYCHOTIC PHENOTHIAZINES. /PHENOTHIAZINES/

C17H20N2S.HCL

320.88004

320.111

53-60-1

Promazine;58-40-2

4926

Oily liq

412.7ºC at 760mmHg

174-176ºC

203.4ºC

5.108

0

3

4

20

285

0

CN(C)CCCN1C2=C(C=CC=C2)SC3=CC=CC=C13.[H]Cl

ZGUGWUXLJSTTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C17H20N2S/c1-18(2)12-7-13-19-14-8-3-5-10-16(14)20-17-11-6-4-9-15(17)19/h3-6,8-11H,7,12-13H2,1-2H3

N,N-dimethyl-3-phenothiazin-10-ylpropan-1-amine

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~311.64 mM)
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~311.64 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.79 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.79 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.79 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

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Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (311.64 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)