| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Prolylleucine does not have a well-defined pharmacological target in the traditional sense. As a dipeptide, it may interact with peptide transporters or receptors involved in amino acid sensing and signaling. It has been shown to affect circadian rhythms and behavior in animals, suggesting potential interactions with the central nervous system. It can also mimic the activity levels of regulated proteolytic enzymes. However, specific molecular targets have not been identified.
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| ln Vitro |
Cell envelope-associated protease (CEP) activity is adversely affected when particular dipeptides containing branched-chain amino acids, such as proline, are added to the growth media. In contrast, enzyme synthesis is unaffected by dipeptides lacking branched-chain amino acids [1].
In vitro, prolylleucine has been shown to affect the activity of proteolytic enzymes. The presence of specific concentrations of the dipeptide can mimic the low activity levels of regulated proteolytic enzymes. This effect has been confirmed in chemostat cultures at fixed growth rates. These in vitro activities demonstrate the compound's ability to modulate enzyme activity, although the mechanism of this modulation is not fully understood. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, prolylleucine has been shown to affect circadian rhythms and behavior in animals. It eliminates disorders of circadian motility rhythm in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) induced by "injection" stress. It impedes dysrhythmias caused by application of cholinergic and glutamatergic modulators in SHR and WKY rats. It also prevents cognitive disorders in SHR rats produced by REM sleep deprivation. These in vivo effects suggest a modulatory role in the central nervous system.
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| Enzyme Assay |
As a dipeptide, prolylleucine does not have a classical enzyme/receptor binding assay. Its interactions are typically studied in cellular or animal models rather than cell-free systems. However, its ability to affect proteolytic enzyme activity can be studied in cell-free systems using purified enzymes and measuring their activity in the presence of the dipeptide. These assays would measure the compound's ability to modulate enzyme activity directly.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for prolylleucine assess its effects on cellular functions, such as enzyme activity and gene expression. Cells can be treated with the dipeptide, and the activity of specific proteolytic enzymes can be measured. The compound's effects on cell signaling and gene expression can also be assessed using standard molecular biology techniques. These assays help to elucidate the mechanism of action of the dipeptide at the cellular level.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for prolylleucine have been conducted in rat models to assess its effects on circadian rhythms and behavior. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and WKY rats are used in these studies. Prolylleucine is administered, and its effects on circadian motility rhythm, dysrhythmias induced by cholinergic and glutamatergic modulators, and cognitive function are assessed. These studies demonstrate the compound's ability to modulate central nervous system function in vivo.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Specific pharmacokinetic data for prolylleucine are not extensively detailed in the available literature. As a dipeptide, it is likely subject to rapid hydrolysis by peptidases in the gastrointestinal tract and blood. Its stability in solution is rarely reported. The compound's pharmacokinetic properties would be important for understanding its in vivo effects, but specific data are not available. It is primarily used as a research tool rather than a therapeutic agent.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicity data for prolylleucine are not extensively detailed in the available literature. As a dipeptide composed of naturally occurring amino acids, it is likely to have low toxicity. However, comprehensive toxicological studies have not been reported. The compound is intended for research use only and is not intended for human use. Standard safety precautions should be taken when handling this compound.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
See also: Pro-Leu (Note moved to).
Prolylleucine is a research compound that is a dipeptide containing branched-chain amino acids. It has been shown to affect circadian rhythms and behavior in animals and can mimic the low activity levels of regulated proteolytic enzymes. It is primarily used as a tool for studying the effects of dipeptides on biological systems, including the central nervous system and enzyme regulation. It is not approved for clinical use and is intended for research purposes only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C19H26N2O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
362.42000
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| Exact Mass |
362.184
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| CAS # |
61596-47-2
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| PubChem CID |
173815
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.224g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
593.7ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
312.9ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.554
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| LogP |
2.731
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
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| Heavy Atom Count |
26
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| Complexity |
502
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
CC(C)C[C@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2
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| InChi Key |
YCYXUKRYYSXSLJ-CVEARBPZSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H26N2O5/c1-13(2)11-15(18(23)24)20-17(22)16-9-6-10-21(16)19(25)26-12-14-7-4-3-5-8-14/h3-5,7-8,13,15-16H,6,9-12H2,1-2H3,(H,20,22)(H,23,24)/t15-,16+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R)-4-methyl-2-[[(2S)-1-phenylmethoxycarbonylpyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]pentanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~275.92 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.90 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.90 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.90 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7592 mL | 13.7961 mL | 27.5923 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5518 mL | 2.7592 mL | 5.5185 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2759 mL | 1.3796 mL | 2.7592 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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