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Purity: ≥98%
Progesterone (Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione; Hormoflaveine; Lutociclina; Agolutin; Crinone; Luteohormone; Utrogestan; Cyclogest) is an endogenous steroidal hormone and a universal precursor for the biosynthesis of other steroidal hormones. It is involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species. Progesterone plays an important role in establishing uterine receptivity for embryo implantation. Cooperated with nuclear progesterone receptor, progesterone could damper the action(s) of E2 and BPA on Egr1 expression. When tested with mouse melanoma (B16F10) cells and human melanoma (BLM) cells, progesterone treatment could significantly inhibit mouse melanoma cell growth.
| Targets |
Endogenous Metabolite
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| ln Vitro |
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| ln Vivo |
In mice, progesterone injections (injection; 1 mg; three daily injections in a row) promote vascular maturation in the endometrium [4].
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| Cell Assay |
Mammary stem cells (MaSCs) are located within a specialized niche in the basal epithelial compartment that is under local and systemic regulation. The emerging role of MaSCs in cancer initiation warrants the study of ovarian hormones in MaSC homeostasis. Here we show that the MaSC pool increases 14-fold during maximal progesterone levels at the luteal dioestrus phase of the mouse. Stem-cell-enriched CD49fhi cells amplify at dioestrus, or with exogenous progesterone, demonstrating a key role for progesterone in propelling this expansion. In aged mice, CD49fhi cells display stasis upon cessation of the reproductive cycle. Progesterone drives a series of events where luminal cells probably provide Wnt4 and RANKL signals to basal cells which in turn respond by upregulating their cognate receptors, transcriptional targets and cell cycle markers. Our findings uncover a dynamic role for progesterone in activating adult MaSCs within the mammary stem cell niche during the reproductive cycle, where MaSCs are putative targets for cell transformation events leading to breast cancer.[5]
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Adult female mice (7-13 wk, 18-28 g)[4]
Doses: 1 mg Route of Administration: Injections; three consecutive daily Experimental Results: Stimulated vessel maturation in the mouse endometrium. |
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| References |
[1]. Schindler AE, et al. Classification and pharmacology of progestins. Maturitas. 2003 Dec 10;46 Suppl 1:S7-S16.
[2]. Zava DT, et al. Estrogen and progestin bioactivity of foods, herbs, and spices. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1998 Mar;217(3):369-78. [3]. Komesaroff PA, et al. Effects of wild yam extract on menopausal symptoms, lipids and sex hormones in healthy menopausal women. Climacteric. 2001 Jun;4(2):144-50. [4]. Girling JE, et al. Progesterone, but not estrogen, stimulates vessel maturation in the mouse endometrium. Endocrinology. 2007 Nov;148(11):5433-41. Epub 2007 Aug 9. [5]. Progesterone induces adult mammary stem cell expansion. Nature. 2010 Jun 10;465(7299):803-7. |
| Molecular Formula |
C21H30O2
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| Molecular Weight |
314.46
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| Exact Mass |
314.22458
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 80.21; H, 9.62; O, 10.18
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| CAS # |
57-83-0
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| Related CAS # |
Progesterone (Standard);57-83-0;Progesterone-d9;15775-74-3;Progesterone-13C5;2687960-32-1;Progesterone-13C3;327048-87-3;Progesterone-13C2;82938-07-6
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
3.9
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| tPSA |
34.1Ų
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| SMILES |
O=C(C([H])([H])[H])[C@@]1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C4=C([H])C(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@]4(C([H])([H])[H])[C@@]3([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]21C([H])([H])[H])=O
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| InChi Key |
RJKFOVLPORLFTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H30O2/c1-13(22)17-6-7-18-16-5-4-14-12-15(23)8-10-20(14,2)19(16)9-11-21(17,18)3/h12,16-19H,4-11H2,1-3H3
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| Chemical Name |
(8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-17-acetyl-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
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| Synonyms |
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.61 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.61 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.61 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 20 mg/mL (63.60 mM) in 50% PEG300 50% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.1801 mL | 15.9003 mL | 31.8005 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6360 mL | 3.1801 mL | 6.3601 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3180 mL | 1.5900 mL | 3.1801 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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