| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5g |
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| Other Sizes |
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| Targets |
Functionalized biomaterials
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| ln Vitro |
Poly-L-lysine (PLL) is formed by the polymerization of L-lysine monomer. It displays intrinsic non-antigenicity, antibacterial property, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, therefore has attracted particular attention for various biomedical and pharmaceutical applications].
Due to the protonated free amines on the side chain, PLL shows cationic property in a physiological environment. As a result, the aqueous solution of PLL demonstrate alkaline pH with a pKa around 9.0. The positively charged PLL demonstrates profound bioactivity and multi-function in various biomedical applications. For instance, cationic PLLs are capable of interacting with a variety of anionic guest molecules through electrostatic interactions to act as drug/gene carriers, antibacterial materials, coating materials, biosensors, and bioimaging agents. Although with much exploration in biomedical area, this electrostatic interaction usually leads to a high risk of cytotoxic and hemolytic effects, since the anionic membranes of mammalian cells and erythrocytes, make them potential objectives to be attacked by cationic PLLs. The higher the molecular weight is, the more deleterious is for PLLs to lower the intracellular ATP levels, inducing acute energy crisis, cell dysfunction and eventually necrotic cell death[1].
Among the various polymeric materials, the polylysine is a special type of naturally occurring homo-polyamide ε-poly-L-lysine (PLL) showcasing significant results for numerous biomedical applications. Analysis of polylysine based biomaterials or hydrogels have been reported to exhibit promising performance due to properties such as water solubility, consumability, biocompatibility, no toxicity, and stimuli-responsive (pH, temperature, enzyme) characteristics of the material. PLL based targeted drug delivery systems have massive importance because of increased efficacy and decrement in toxicity level during the interactions with human body functions. It is crucial to facilitate higher loading efficiency of drugs, and effective targeting of drug molecules at the desired site. Polylysine is an excellent biocompatible carrier, utilized as selective functionalization material or nanoparticle along with silica nanoparticles or mesostructured silica, and triblock polymer formation. The emergence of polylysine hydrogel as a bio-adhesive has broad impact due to its excellent binding strength compared to conventional bioadhesive (fibril glue) in the market; it subdues adverse effects such as bleeding diatheses, weak adhesion, and risk of infection due to biological origin. It is applicable in the sector of tissue repairing, wound healing, and sports injuries by eliminating traditional time-consuming techniques such as end-to-end suture to reduce the possibility of foreign material involvement and incomplete nerve sealing. The primary cationic amine group of polylysine reacts with targeted tissue and mucus layer closely by undergoing ionic interaction, exhibiting improved tissue adhesive properties. Additionally, electrospun polylysine nano-fibers have evolved as a material for protein immobilization, immobilizing antigens/antibodies, vaccine preparation, and wound dressings. PLL functionalized electrospun materials exhibited enhanced antibacterial properties by reducing the number of tumor cells[2]. |
| References |
[1]. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/l-lysine
[2]. European Polymer Journal Volume 146, 5 March 2021, 110248. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014305720319650 |
| Additional Infomation |
Polylysine characteristics and it’s functionalization with composites.
Targeted release characteristics of polylysine for drug and gene delivery. Interfacial cohesiveness of polylysine based bio-adhesives for tissue repairing. Polylysine based bio-fibrous membranes for protein immobilization and wound dressings.[2] Synthesis of ε-poly-L-lysine[2] The ε-Polylysine is an amino-acid containing polymer with isopeptide linkages due to 25–35 L-lysine residues in the molecule. It was determined as a Dragendroff –positive material by undergoing isolation of Streptomyces albulus from the soil [40]. The excellent biological performance and consumability have emerged huge poly-L-lysine applications in the food industry and the biomedical sector. Increased demand for material has thrown a light on the biotechnological production of ε-PLL. The... Targeted drug and gene delivery applications[2] The targeted delivery of drugs and genes is recognized as a specialized field in medical sciences and material sciences to specifically target the affected site using various stimuli signals. The stimuli signals maybe consisting of pH, temperature, enzymes, or other biological functions capable of manipulating the rate of controlled release. In this section, we have thoroughly discussed the functionalization techniques of polylysine to ameliorate its performance as drug carriers for targeted... Biological adhesives[2] Various adhesive materials are available for diversified applications [106]; fibril glue was the commonly used biological adhesive commercialized for wound healing, tissue adhesive, and other biological applications. But the emergence of ɛ-poly-l-lysine has revolutionized biological adhesives due to its better adhesive strength, interfacial cohesiveness, low or no cytotoxicity, biodegradability, enhanced rheological properties, and lowered gelation time. Polylysine-based adhesives are evolving... Bio fibers[2] The nanofibers development has always been crucial in development of biomedical applications, owing to its efficient and precise performance for curing of medical complications. Advancements in the formation of nano-fibers have emerged various conformations of fibers such as core-sheath, blended, hollow, single, and composite as per the morphology demanded by the biomedical applications [153]. The core–sheath polymeric fibers is an advantageous conformation for development of substrates for... Emerging biomedical applications.[2] The optimum performance of PLL as nano-carrier is emerging wide applications of the biomaterial for diverse medical applications. Biological as well as physical properties of the nano-carriers are crucial determining their bulk characteristics, and regulate the accelerated transmission of the controlled release characteristics of molecules. Conclusion and future scope[2] The thorough analysis of polylysine based biomaterials or hydrogels have showcased promising performance due to properties such as water-soluble, consumable, biocompatible, non-toxic, stimuli-responsive (pH, temperature, enzyme) material, evolving its utilization in drug and gene delivery, biological adhesives, and bio-fibers based wound dressing and protein immobilization. Polylysine is non-inert polymer having capabilities of exhibiting cellular functions such as selective toxicity against... |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H14N2O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
146.19
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| CAS # |
25104-18-1
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| Appearance |
White to light yellow powder
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| Density |
1.125g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
311.5℃at760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
224°C
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| Flash Point |
142.2℃
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| LogP |
-3
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| SMILES |
O([H])C([C@]([H])(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H])N([H])[H])=O
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| InChi Key |
KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H14N2O2/c7-4-2-1-3-5(8)6(9)10/h5H,1-4,7-8H2,(H,9,10)/t5-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid
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| Synonyms |
ε-POLYLYSINE; L-Lysine, homopolymer;Poly(imino-(6-amino-1-oxo-2,1-hexanediyl), alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxy-
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| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.8404 mL | 34.2021 mL | 68.4041 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3681 mL | 6.8404 mL | 13.6808 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6840 mL | 3.4202 mL | 6.8404 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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