| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5g |
|
||
| 10g |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Human Endogenous Metabolite
4-Hydroxyphenyl acetate targets and interacts with a variety of enzymes. It acts as a substrate for 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase (a two-component flavin-dependent monooxygenase), converting it to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate. It is also a substrate for 4-hydroxyphenylacetate-CoA ligase and a known inhibitor of various enzymes including tyrosinase and prolyl oligopeptidase. In metabolic pathways, it is an intermediate in L-tyrosine degradation. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
4-Hydroxyphenyl acetate (5 μM; 24 h) guards against oxidative stress-induced cell death in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells[1]. In response to oxidative stress, 4-hydroxyphenyl acetate (5 μM; 24 h; ARPE-19 cells) suppresses the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increases the expression of cytoprotective genes, such as HO-1 and NQO1[1].
In vitro, 4-Hydroxyphenyl acetate exhibits antioxidant properties due to its phenolic structure. It has been shown to scavenge free radicals and inhibit low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. It also modulates inflammatory responses by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6, TNF-alpha) in activated macrophages. It serves as a substrate in colorimetric enzyme assays for hydroxyphenylacetate hydroxylase. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 4-Hydroxyphenyl acetate (4-HPA) is considered a bioactive gut microbial metabolite. It is absorbed into the bloodstream where it can exert systemic effects. Studies in rodent models have shown that 4-HPA can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce hepatic steatosis. It may also protect against colitis by strengthening the intestinal barrier and reducing inflammation. It is generally regarded as a beneficial metabolite contributing to the health effects of a high-fiber diet.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
The standard protocol for the 4-Hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase assay is performed in a reaction mixture containing 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 0.2 mM NADH, 0.1 mM FAD, 1 mM 4-HPA, and the enzyme. The reaction is initiated by adding NADH. The oxidation of NADH is monitored spectrophotometrically at 340 nm. Alternatively, the product (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate) is quantified by HPLC with electrochemical detection. This cell-free system reconstitutes the two-component hydroxylase activity.
|
| Cell Assay |
Cell Types: ARPE-19 cells
Tested Concentrations: 5 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Protected up to 89%, 92%, and 90% of ARPE-19 cells exposed to 100, 200, and 300 μM tBHP, respectively. In cellular models, 4-Hydroxyphenyl acetate is typically tested in hepatocytes (e.g., HepG2 cells) or macrophages (e.g., RAW 264.7). Cells are seeded and treated with 4-HPA (typically 10-200 uM) for 12-24 hours. After treatment, cells are lysed, and markers of oxidative stress (e.g., malondialdehyde, glutathione) are measured. Alternatively, cells are pre-treated with 4-HPA before stimulation with LPS (lipopolysaccharide) to assess the anti-inflammatory effect by measuring nitrite (NO) production via the Griess reagent. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal protocols often use C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce metabolic syndrome. 4-Hydroxyphenyl acetate is administered daily via oral gavage (e.g., 20-50 mg/kg body weight) for 8-12 weeks. During the study, body weight and food intake are monitored. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is performed at the end of the study. After sacrifice, blood is collected for serum analysis (insulin, triglycerides, cholesterol), and liver tissue is harvested for histology (H&E staining to assess steatosis) and gene expression analysis (qPCR for inflammatory markers).
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetically, 4-Hydroxyphenyl acetate is rapidly absorbed after oral administration. Peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) are reached within 30-60 minutes in rodents. It is primarily metabolized via conjugation (glucuronidation and sulfation) in the liver and intestine. The compound is widely distributed but does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier in significant amounts. The elimination half-life is relatively short (1-2 hours). Excretion occurs primarily via urine, mostly as conjugated metabolites.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
4-Hydroxyphenyl acetate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) at low, physiologically relevant doses. Acute toxicity studies in rodents report an oral LD50 > 2000 mg/kg. However, high doses may cause mild gastrointestinal distress. It is not mutagenic in standard Ames tests. Skin and eye contact may cause mild irritation. Researchers handling pure powder should use standard personal protective equipment (lab coat, gloves, safety glasses) to prevent dermal exposure.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid ester is a phenylacetic acid ester formed by the condensation of the carboxyl group of acetic acid and the hydroxyl group of hydroquinone. It is a mouse metabolite. It is an acetate ester, belonging to the phenylacetic acid ester class of compounds. Its function is related to hydroquinone. It has been reported that 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid ester is present in sage (Salvia yosgadensis) and euphorbia antiquorum, and relevant data are available for reference.
This compound is not an approved pharmaceutical drug and has no clinical trial status for therapeutic indications. It is classified as a biochemical tool and a natural product metabolite. 4-Hydroxyphenyl acetate is frequently used in metabolomics research as a biomarker for certain dietary patterns (e.g., whole grain or high-fiber intake) and gut microbial activity. It is also known as 4-Acetoxyphenol in chemical catalogs. The CAS number for this compound is 3233-32-7. |
| Molecular Formula |
C8H8O3
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
152.15
|
| Exact Mass |
152.047
|
| CAS # |
3233-32-7
|
| PubChem CID |
96009
|
| Appearance |
White to yellow solid
|
| Density |
1.212g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
269.3ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Flash Point |
118.6ºC
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.541
|
| LogP |
1.317
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
11
|
| Complexity |
136
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
CC(=O)OC1=CC=C(C=C1)O
|
| InChi Key |
HBMCQTHGYMTCOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H8O3/c1-6(9)11-8-4-2-7(10)3-5-8/h2-5,10H,1H3
|
| Chemical Name |
(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO :~100 mg/mL (~657.25 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.43 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.5 mg/mL (16.43 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.43 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.5725 mL | 32.8623 mL | 65.7246 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3145 mL | 6.5725 mL | 13.1449 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6572 mL | 3.2862 mL | 6.5725 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
COA