| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Alkyl-Chain
As an alkyl chain-based PROTAC linker, Mal-C2-cyclohexylcarboxyl-hydrazide hydrochloride does not have a specific biological target itself but serves as a structural component in PROTAC molecules. The alkyl chain linker is used to connect the E3 ubiquitin ligase ligand to the target protein ligand in PROTAC design. In this context, one ligand binds to an E3 ubiquitin ligase and the other binds to the target protein; these two ligands are joined by the linker to form PROTACs. The intracellular ubiquitin-proteasome system is then utilized by PROTACs to specifically destroy target proteins. |
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| ln Vitro |
One ligand is for an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and the other is for the target protein; these two ligands are joined by a linker to form PROTACs. The intracellular ubiquitin-proteasome system is utilized by PROTACs to specifically destroy target proteins[1].
Mal-C2-cyclohexylcarboxyl-hydrazide hydrochloride functions as a linker component in in vitro PROTAC synthesis and bioconjugation applications. The maleimide group allows for efficient conjugation to thiol-containing molecules under mild conditions. The hydrazide group allows for conjugation to carbonyl-containing molecules (aldehydes or ketones). The cyclohexylcarboxyl spacer provides appropriate length and rigidity for the formation of the ternary complex between the target protein, PROTAC, and E3 ligase. In vitro studies typically involve conjugation of this linker to various ligands to evaluate its effectiveness in facilitating protein degradation. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity data for Mal-C2-cyclohexylcarboxyl-hydrazide hydrochloride as a standalone compound are not reported, as it is utilized as a synthetic linker rather than as a therapeutic agent. The in vivo efficacy of PROTAC molecules incorporating this alkyl linker would depend on the specific target protein ligand and the overall pharmacokinetic properties of the complete PROTAC construct. As an alkyl-based linker, it may contribute to the overall lipophilicity and membrane permeability of the complete PROTAC molecule.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for Mal-C2-cyclohexylcarboxyl-hydrazide hydrochloride typically involve conjugation studies rather than direct binding measurements. The maleimide group can be conjugated to thiol-containing molecules, and the hydrazide group can be conjugated to carbonyl-containing molecules. Conjugation efficiency can be assessed by techniques such as NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, or HPLC. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) may be employed to evaluate the binding of PROTAC molecules containing this linker to their targets.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays using Mal-C2-cyclohexylcarboxyl-hydrazide hydrochloride typically involve its incorporation into PROTAC molecules, followed by evaluation in cell culture systems. Cells are treated with PROTACs containing this alkyl linker, and target protein degradation is measured by Western blotting or immunofluorescence. Dose-response experiments are performed to determine optimal concentrations for degradation studies. The alkyl linker provides appropriate hydrophobicity for cell membrane penetration.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies using Mal-C2-cyclohexylcarboxyl-hydrazide hydrochloride are conducted as part of the evaluation of complete PROTAC molecules that incorporate this alkyl linker. Typical protocols involve administering PROTAC constructs to animal models, followed by assessment of pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, or efficacy. The alkyl linker may influence the pharmacokinetic profile by modulating lipophilicity and membrane permeability. Dosing regimens vary depending on the specific construct being evaluated and the disease model under study.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a linker rather than a therapeutic drug, comprehensive pharmacokinetic data for Mal-C2-cyclohexylcarboxyl-hydrazide hydrochloride alone are not available. The compound has a molecular formula of C12H18ClN3O3 and a molecular weight of 287.74. The chemical name is 4-[(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)methyl]cyclohexane-1-carbohydrazide hydrochloride. It has a purity of 98.23%. The compound is widely used in bioconjugation, particularly for linking proteins, peptides, or small molecules.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of Mal-C2-cyclohexylcarboxyl-hydrazide hydrochloride as an individual compound is not extensively characterized, as it is primarily used as a research reagent and synthetic linker. The compound is intended for research use only and is not approved for therapeutic use in humans. Standard laboratory safety practices, including the use of personal protective equipment and handling in a fume hood, are recommended.
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| References |
[1]. An S, et al. Small-molecule PROTACs: An emerging and promising approach for the development of targeted therapy drugs. EBioMedicine. 2018 Oct;36:553-562
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| Additional Infomation |
Mal-C2-cyclohexylcarboxyl-hydrazide hydrochloride (CAS 174422-72-1) has a molecular formula of C12H18ClN3O3 and a molecular weight of 287.74. The chemical name is 4-[(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)methyl]cyclohexane-1-carbohydrazide hydrochloride. It has a purity of 98.23%. It is an alkyl chain-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs. The compound is widely used in bioconjugation, particularly for linking proteins, peptides, or small molecules in drug delivery systems and diagnostic applications.
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| Molecular Formula |
C12H18CLN3O3
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| Molecular Weight |
287.742621898651
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| Exact Mass |
287.103
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| CAS # |
174422-72-1
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| Related CAS # |
Mal-C2-cyclohexylcarboxyl-hydrazide TFA;359436-59-2
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| PubChem CID |
16737821
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
19
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| Complexity |
379
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
Cl.O=C(C1CCC(CN2C(C=CC2=O)=O)CC1)NN
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| InChi Key |
CKGAFBJFAXITJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H17N3O3.ClH/c13-14-12(18)9-3-1-8(2-4-9)7-15-10(16)5-6-11(15)17;/h5-6,8-9H,1-4,7,13H2,(H,14,18);1H
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| Chemical Name |
4-[(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)methyl]cyclohexane-1-carbohydrazide;hydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O :~33.33 mg/mL (~115.83 mM)
DMSO :~16.67 mg/mL (~57.93 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.23 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.23 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.23 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.4754 mL | 17.3768 mL | 34.7536 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6951 mL | 3.4754 mL | 6.9507 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3475 mL | 1.7377 mL | 3.4754 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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