| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Microbial Metabolite Human Endogenous Metabolite
L-Cysteine is a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), glutathione, and taurine. It targets the cystine-glutamate antiporter (system xc-), is an activator of mGluR7, and is a reducing agent that breaks disulfide bonds. It also suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In cell culture, L-Cysteine hydrochloride hydrate (typically 0.1-1 mM) is added to culture media (e.g., RPMI, DMEM) to support the growth of various cell lines. It is used to study cysteine metabolism in hepatocytes and neurons and has been used in lab protocols to separate dorsal root ganglion neurons.
|
| ln Vivo |
In animal studies, L-Cysteine hydrochloride hydrate is administered to mice to protect against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by replenishing glutathione stores. It also suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans. It is used to study sulfur amino acid metabolism.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cell assays: The compound is used as a reducing agent in protein chemistry. For thiol quantitation, Ellman's reagent (DTNB) is used: DTNB reacts with free thiol groups to produce 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid (TNB), which is measured at 412 nm. It is also used in antioxidant assays (DPPH/ABTS) as a positive control for radical scavenging activity.
|
| Cell Assay |
Cells are cultured in medium supplemented with L-Cysteine hydrochloride hydrate (e.g., 0.2-0.4 mM for many cell lines). For viability studies, cysteine-deprived medium can be used to assess the essentiality of cysteine for cell growth. For glutathione synthesis studies, cells are labeled with [3⁵S]-cysteine or stable isotope-labeled cysteine and analyzed by LC-MS.
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| Animal Protocol |
In animal experiments, L-Cysteine hydrochloride hydrate is typically administered to rodents by intraperitoneal injection (50-200 mg/kg dissolved in saline) or by oral gavage. For hepatoprotection studies, it is administered before or after acetaminophen challenge. Blood is collected for liver enzyme assays (ALT, AST) and liver tissue for GSH measurement and histology.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
L-Cysteine is rapidly absorbed from the gut (oral bioavailability 30-50%). It has a short plasma half-life (approximately 1-2 hours). It is metabolized in the liver to glutathione, taurine, sulfate, and H2S. The hydrochloride salt and hydrate form do not alter the ADME properties of L-cysteine. Excess cysteine is excreted in urine.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Summary
It is safe at the current usage and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and usage information can be found at: https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org L-Cysteine is generally regarded as safe (GRAS) and is widely used as a food additive and supplement. High doses can be neurotoxic (excitotoxicity) and nephrotoxic in animal models. The hydrochloride monohydrate form may cause mild gastric irritation due to the release of HCl upon dissolution. LD₅0 in rats: approximately 1.9 g/kg. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
L-cysteine hydrochloride hydrate is the monohydrate form of L-cysteine hydrochloride. It is used as an EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine aminopyrine lyase) inhibitor, a flour treatment agent, and a human metabolite. It contains L-cysteine hydrochloride.
See also: Cysteine hydrochloride (note moved to). L-Cysteine hydrochloride hydrate is widely used as a food additive (dough conditioner), a supplement for immune support and antioxidant protection (as a precursor to glutathione), a cell culture media supplement, and a reducing agent in protein biochemistry. It is also used to treat toxic hepatitis and bronchitis in some clinical settings. It is an approved food additive in many countries. |
| Molecular Formula |
C3H10CLNO3S
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
175.63
|
| Exact Mass |
175.006
|
| CAS # |
7048-04-6
|
| Related CAS # |
L-Cysteine;52-90-4;L-Cysteine hydrochloride;52-89-1
|
| PubChem CID |
23462
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Boiling Point |
293.9ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
175°C
|
| Flash Point |
131.5ºC
|
| Index of Refraction |
6 ° (C=8, 1mol/L HCl)
|
| LogP |
0.766
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
9
|
| Complexity |
75.3
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
|
| SMILES |
C([C@@H](C(=O)O)N)S.O.Cl
|
| InChi Key |
QIJRTFXNRTXDIP-JIZZDEOASA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C3H7NO2S.ClH.H2O/c4-2(1-7)3(5)6;;/h2,7H,1,4H2,(H,5,6);1H;1H2/t2-;;/m0../s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2R)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid;hydrate;hydrochloride
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO :~100 mg/mL (~569.38 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (14.23 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (14.23 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.6938 mL | 28.4689 mL | 56.9379 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1388 mL | 5.6938 mL | 11.3876 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5694 mL | 2.8469 mL | 5.6938 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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