| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Human Endogenous Metabolite
DN-Acetylgalactosamine targets polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (ppGalNAc-Ts), a large family of glycosyltransferases (20 members in humans) that catalyze the transfer of GalNAc from UDP-GalNAc to serine or threonine residues on proteins, initiating mucin-type O-glycosylation. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, DN-Acetylgalactosamine can be incorporated into synthetic glycopeptides by ppGalNAc-Ts. It is used to study the substrate specificity of individual ppGalNAc-T isoforms (T1, T2, T10, etc.) and to produce O-glycosylated proteins for structural studies.
|
| ln Vivo |
Animal studies are conducted in ppGalNAc-T knockout mice to assess the role of O-GalNAc glycosylation in development and immune function. DN-Acetylgalactosamine itself is not administered; rather, glycosylation patterns are analyzed in tissues from animals with genetic alterations in the ppGalNAc-T family.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
A non-cell assay uses purified ppGalNAc-T enzyme, UDP-GalNAc (or UDP-[3H]-GalNAc), and a synthetic acceptor peptide (e.g., Muc2-derived peptide). The reaction mixture is incubated at 37degC for 1-24 hours. Glycosylated peptide is separated from unincorporated UDP-GalNAc by reversed-phase HPLC or C18 SPE, and incorporation is quantified by scintillation counting or MS.
|
| Cell Assay |
CHO cells or HEK293 cells are transfected with specific ppGalNAc-T isoforms. Cells are cultured with labeled sugar precursors (e.g., [3H]-galactosamine) to study O-glycosylation of reporter proteins. Glycosylation is analyzed by lectin blotting with VVL or HPA lectins, which specifically bind to terminal GalNAc residues.
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| Animal Protocol |
Mice with targeted deletions of ppGalNAc-T isoforms are used to study the in vivo functions of specific transferases. Tissues from these animals are collected and analyzed for changes in O-glycosylation patterns, as well as for developmental and immune phenotypes. DN-Acetylgalactosamine itself is not administered in these studies.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a precursor to UDP-GalNAc, DN-Acetylgalactosamine is efficiently taken up by cells and metabolized via the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. It is water-soluble and stable in solution. Its pharmacokinetics are those of a small, polar sugar, with rapid renal clearance. It does not accumulate in tissues.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
DN-Acetylgalactosamine is non-toxic and is a normal constituent of human glycoproteins and mucins. High doses may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort due to osmotic effects. It is generally recognized as safe for laboratory use and is a natural metabolite found in human tissues and body fluids.
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| Additional Infomation |
N-acetyl derivatives of glucosamine.
This compound is widely used in glycobiology research as a substrate for O-glycosylation studies, a standard for HPLC analysis of amino sugars, and a building block for the synthesis of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (e.g., Tn antigen). It is also used in the study of autoimmune diseases and cancer immunology. |
| Molecular Formula |
C8H15NO6
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
221.21
|
| Exact Mass |
221.089
|
| CAS # |
1811-31-0
|
| Related CAS # |
N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine;7512-17-6;D-N-Acetylgalactosamine-13C;478518-53-5
|
| PubChem CID |
343911
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
636.4±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
160-161
|
| Flash Point |
338.7±31.5 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±4.3 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.542
|
| LogP |
-2.68
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
15
|
| Complexity |
221
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
CC(=O)N[C@@H](C=O)[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O
|
| InChi Key |
MBLBDJOUHNCFQT-OSMVPFSASA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H15NO6/c1-4(12)9-5(2-10)7(14)8(15)6(13)3-11/h2,5-8,11,13-15H,3H2,1H3,(H,9,12)/t5-,6+,7+,8-/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
N-[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl]acetamide
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O :~100 mg/mL (~452.06 mM)
DMSO :~100 mg/mL (~452.06 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.30 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.30 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.30 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (452.06 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.5206 mL | 22.6030 mL | 45.2059 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9041 mL | 4.5206 mL | 9.0412 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4521 mL | 2.2603 mL | 4.5206 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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