| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Allantoic acid targets the purine degradation pathway; it is a substrate for allantoicase (allantoate amidinohydrolase), which cleaves allantoic acid into urea and glyoxylate; it does not have a pharmacological receptor target.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Allantoic acid is used as a substrate in enzyme assays to measure allantoicase activity; it can be quantified by colorimetric or enzymatic methods; it is also used in studies of purine metabolism and nitrogen excretion.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Allantoic acid is an intermediate in the uric acid degradation pathway in organisms that possess uricase, allantoinase, and allantoicase (e.g., fish, amphibians, and some invertebrates); in mammals, uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism and allantoic acid is not produced.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular assay procedure: Allantoic acid is incubated with allantoicase enzyme in buffer at optimal pH (around 8.0); the reaction produces urea, which can be quantified by the urease-Berthelot method or by colorimetric assay using diacetyl monoxime; enzyme activity is calculated from the rate of urea production.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays are not commonly performed with Allantoic acid as it is a metabolic intermediate rather than a bioactive compound; it may be used in cultured cells to study purine metabolism or allantoicase expression in specific cell types.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments: Allantoic acid is administered to animal models (e.g., fish or amphibians) to study purine degradation pathways; its levels in tissues and excreta are measured to assess metabolic flux; in mammalian models, allantoic acid is not a natural metabolite but may be used as a probe for enzyme studies.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties: Allantoic acid is a small, water-soluble molecule; its pharmacokinetics are not well characterized as it is not a therapeutic agent; it is excreted in urine; in organisms with active purine degradation pathways, it is rapidly metabolized to urea and glyoxylate.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological profile: Allantoic acid has low toxicity; it is a naturally occurring metabolite and is generally considered safe at physiological concentrations; standard laboratory safety precautions for handling organic compounds apply.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Allantoic acid belongs to the urea family of compounds and has the structure acetic acid, in which two methyl hydrogens are replaced by carbamoyl amino groups. It is a metabolite found in both plants and mice. It is the conjugate acid of allantoic acid salts. Allantoic acid is a metabolite found or produced in Escherichia coli (strains K12 and MG1655). It has also been reported to be present in Ilex paraguayanis, Arabidopsis thaliana, and other organisms with relevant data. Allantoic acid is a metabolite found or produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Other information: Allantoic acid has a molecular formula of C₄H₈N₄O₄; it is a white crystalline solid soluble in water; it is used in biochemical research as a substrate for allantoicase and as a standard in purine metabolism studies. |
| Molecular Formula |
C4H8N4O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
176.13
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| Exact Mass |
176.055
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| CAS # |
99-16-1
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| PubChem CID |
203
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.618 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
439.2ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
180 - 181 °C
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| Flash Point |
219.4ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.584
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| LogP |
-2.6
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
199
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C(C(=O)O)(NC(=O)N)NC(=O)N
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| InChi Key |
NUCLJNSWZCHRKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C4H8N4O4/c5-3(11)7-1(2(9)10)8-4(6)12/h1H,(H,9,10)(H3,5,7,11)(H3,6,8,12)
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| Chemical Name |
2,2-bis(carbamoylamino)acetic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO :~22.73 mg/mL (~129.05 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (11.81 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (7.10 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.6776 mL | 28.3881 mL | 56.7762 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1355 mL | 5.6776 mL | 11.3552 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5678 mL | 2.8388 mL | 5.6776 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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