| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Human Endogenous Metabolite
Metabolic enzymes, specifically Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD). As a metabolite, sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate is a substrate for several key enzymes. It is an essential component of the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, which transfers reducing equivalents from cytosolic NADH into the mitochondria. It is also a key precursor for the synthesis of glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids. |
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate serves as a substrate to measure the activity of mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD2) in isolated mitochondria or cell lysates. It is an essential metabolite for studying energy metabolism. By contributing to the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, it participates in maintaining cellular energy balance, particularly in tissues like brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate is a central hub for metabolic regulation. It is involved in two major pathways: (1) as a redox shuttle to indirectly fuel the electron transport chain, and (2) as a backbone for triglyceride and phospholipid synthesis in the liver and adipose tissue. Alterations in its levels are associated with metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
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| Enzyme Assay |
Enzyme activity assay for GPD2: Mitochondrial membranes (10 microg) are incubated in a reaction buffer (100 mM KCl, 20 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 0.02% Triton X-100, 0.2 mM DCPIP, 1 mM KCN) with increasing concentrations of sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate (0-100 uM). The reaction is started by adding 0.2 mM phenazine methosulfate (PMS). The reduction of DCPIP is measured spectrophotometrically at 600 nm. 1 U = 1 umol DCPIP reduced/min.
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| Cell Assay |
Measuring glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle activity in cells: Cells (e.g., HepG2 or skeletal muscle cells) are seeded in 24-well plates. The culture medium is replaced with a Seahorse assay buffer. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) is measured using a Seahorse XF analyzer. The contribution of the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is assessed by measuring the increase in OCR following the injection of a substrate mix containing sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate lithium.
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| Animal Protocol |
sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate is not a drug and is not used in conventional animal models for a therapeutic effect. However, it can be administered via intraperitoneal injection to rodents to study its metabolic effects. For example, administering a bolus dose (e.g., 0.5-1 g/kg) can elevate plasma levels of the compound, allowing researchers to measure its clearance rate or its impact on gluconeogenesis and lipid synthesis in real-time.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate lithium is an endogenous metabolite, and its PK is governed by normal metabolic flux. It has a short half-life (minutes) as it is rapidly consumed by metabolic enzymes. It is water-soluble (lithium salt) and distributes throughout the body into cells. In research, it is used to artificially manipulate the levels of this metabolite to observe downstream consequences in metabolic pathways.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
As an endogenous, naturally-occurring metabolite, sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate lithium is generally considered non-toxic at physiological concentrations. High doses (e.g., >1 g/kg) may cause osmotic diuresis or transient metabolic acidosis due to the influx of a metabolic intermediate. The lithium salt form introduces lithium ions, which can be neurotoxic at high plasma levels (>1 mM), but this is not a concern at research doses used for cell culture.
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| Additional Infomation |
sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate lithium is a research-grade biochemical. It is not a drug and has no therapeutic indications. Its primary value is as a tool for studying core metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and glyceroneogenesis. It is a stable compound that is soluble in water. It is for in vitro and in vivo research use only and should be stored at 4degC, protected from moisture.
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| Molecular Formula |
C3H9O6P.XLI
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|---|---|
| Related CAS # |
sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate;17989-41-2;sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate biscyclohexylammonium salt;29849-82-9
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O :~50 mg/mL
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 50 mg/mL (Infinity mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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