| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Not well-defined; potential interactions with cellular metabolic pathways. As an endogenous unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, it may be involved in fatty acid metabolism or serve as a substrate for enzymes like acyl-CoA dehydrogenases. However, its primary use in research is as a chemical intermediate. Some evidence suggests it may have activity against human tumor cell lines, but specific molecular targets (e.g., enzymes, receptors) have not been identified.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Trans-2-butene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid shows growth inhibition activity on various human tumor cell lines. It has been tested against a panel including renal, breast, lung, leukemia, melanoma, ovarian, prostate, central nervous system, and colon cell lines. This suggests broad-spectrum cytotoxic potential in vitro, though the mechanism remains unknown. It may act by interfering with cellular metabolism or inducing oxidative stress.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, this compound is a normal human metabolite, indicating it is biocompatible at endogenous levels. Its excretion is increased in patients with certain metabolic disorders, suggesting it could serve as a biomarker for those conditions. Therapeutic studies in animal models are not widely reported; however, its endogenous presence implies it may have roles in metabolic regulation or signaling that are not yet fully understood.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For chemical characterization, the compound can be analyzed by LC-MS or GC-MS. A typical protocol for quantification involves extracting the compound from biological fluids (e.g., urine) using solid-phase extraction (SPE), followed by derivatization (e.g., with BSTFA for GC-MS) and detection. Calibration curves are prepared using the pure standard. This method is often used in metabolomics studies to identify and quantify this metabolite in disease states.
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| Cell Assay |
To evaluate cytotoxic effects, human tumor cell lines (e.g., HeLa, MCF-7, A549) are seeded in 96-well plates (5,000-10,000 cells/well). After 24 hours, cells are treated with serial dilutions of Trans-2-butene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (0.1-1000 uM) for 48-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CCK-8 assays. IC₅0 values are calculated from dose-response curves. Include vehicle controls (e.g., DMSO) and positive controls (e.g., doxorubicin).
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal models for toxicity or pharmacokinetics are not standardized. For exploratory studies, the compound can be administered orally or intravenously to rodents (e.g., 10-100 mg/kg). Collect blood, urine, and tissues at multiple time points. Analyze samples by LC-MS to determine concentration and metabolic fate. Monitor animals for signs of general toxicity (weight loss, behavioral changes). Histological examination of organs may be performed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Trans-2-butene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid has a molecular formula C₆H₈O4 and a molecular weight of 144.13 g/mol. It is soluble in DMSO (250 mg/mL) and slightly soluble in water. Appearance: White to off-white solid. Melting point: 184-188 degC. Storage: Keep container tightly closed and store at -20degC in a dry and well-ventilated place. Protect from light and moisture. Stable under standard laboratory conditions.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
As an endogenous metabolite, toxicity is expected to be low at physiological concentrations. However, at high doses, it may cause metabolic disturbances. Standard safety precautions for laboratory chemicals should be followed. May cause skin and eye irritation. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (gloves, lab coat, safety glasses). Use in a well-ventilated area. Wash hands after handling. Consult SDS for additional information. Not for therapeutic use in humans.
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| Additional Infomation |
3-Hexenedioic acid is a type of hexenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond is located at the 3 position.
Trans-2-butene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid is also known as 3-hexenedioic acid or dihydromuconic acid. It is a valuable chemical intermediate for the synthesis of polymers, resins, and pharmaceuticals. In metabolomics, it is recognized as a potential biomarker for metabolic syndrome or inborn errors of metabolism (e.g., 3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria). Its unsaturated structure allows for further chemical modifications such as hydrogenation to adipic acid. It is a research chemical not approved for clinical use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H8O4
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
144.13
|
| Exact Mass |
144.042
|
| CAS # |
4436-74-2
|
| PubChem CID |
5351896
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.305g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
368.7ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
195-196 °C(lit.)
|
| Flash Point |
191ºC
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.51
|
| LogP |
0.492
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
10
|
| Complexity |
141
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
C(/C=C/CC(=O)O)C(=O)O
|
| InChi Key |
YHGNXQAFNHCBTK-OWOJBTEDSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H8O4/c7-5(8)3-1-2-4-6(9)10/h1-2H,3-4H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/b2-1+
|
| Chemical Name |
(E)-hex-3-enedioic acid
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 250 mg/mL (1734.55 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (14.43 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (14.43 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (14.43 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.9382 mL | 34.6909 mL | 69.3818 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3876 mL | 6.9382 mL | 13.8764 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6938 mL | 3.4691 mL | 6.9382 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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