| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 25g |
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| 50g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
2,5-Dimethylpyrazine targets multiple cellular processes. It is believed to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the enzyme responsible for generating pro-inflammatory molecules. It also reduces plasma testosterone levels, affects prostate and seminal vesicle weight, and may inhibit testosterone uptake. The compound induces programmed cell death (apoptosis) and suppresses angiogenesis. Additionally, it interacts with L-threonine dehydrogenase in microbial systems and has antimicrobial activity against various bacteria and fungi.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 2,5-DMP effectively reduces the viability of breast cancer cells through mechanisms involving oxidative stress induction and modulation of cell cycle progression. It induces programmed cell death and suppresses angiogenesis, processes crucial for tumor development. The compound demonstrates broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against various bacteria and fungi. It also acts as an antioxidant, effectively neutralizing free radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. In vitro, 2,5-DMP reduces breast cancer cell viability via ROS generation and G1 phase arrest.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 2,5-DMP has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in mice and rats by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. In male rats, administration of 100 mg/kg of 2,5-DMP decreases the weight of the prostate and seminal vesicles, reduces plasma testosterone levels, and decreases acid phosphatase activity and fructose content in seminal vesicles, suggesting inhibition of testosterone uptake. The compound also exhibits cancer chemopreventive potential in animal models and reduces inflammation through COX-2 inhibition.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular assays, COX-2 enzyme activity can be measured using a fluorescence-based assay. The compound is incubated with purified COX-2 enzyme (100 uM) and arachidonic acid substrate (5 uM) in 100 uL of assay buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 100 uM phenol). After 30 minutes at 37degC, the reaction is stopped by adding 1 M HCl, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production is quantified by ELISA. The IC50 for COX-2 inhibition is determined using concentrations of 2,5-DMP from 1 to 500 uM. For lipid peroxidation, a TBARS assay is used.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based assays, breast cancer cells (e.g., MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231) are seeded in 96-well plates (1×10⁴ cells/well) in RPMI-1640 with 10% FBS. After 24 hours, cells are treated with 2,5-DMP (0-500 uM) for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed by MTT assay. Apoptosis is evaluated by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining followed by flow cytometry. ROS generation is measured using DCFH-DA (10 uM, 30 min). Cell cycle distribution is analyzed by propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, male Sprague-Dawley rats or C57BL/6 mice are used. For anti-inflammatory studies, animals are treated with 2,5-DMP (10-100 mg/kg, oral or intraperitoneal) 1 hour before induction of inflammation by carrageenan (1% in saline, subplantar injection into the hind paw). Paw volume is measured using a plethysmometer at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours post-induction. For prostate studies, male rats are administered 2,5-DMP (100 mg/kg/day, oral) for 7-14 days. At the end of treatment, animals are sacrificed, and prostate and seminal vesicles are removed and weighed. Blood is collected for testosterone measurement by ELISA/radioimmunoassay. Fructose content in seminal vesicles and acid phosphatase activity in the prostate are determined biochemically.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
2,5-DMP has a molecular weight of 108.14 and a boiling point of approximately 155degC. It is slightly soluble in water but miscible with organic solvents such as ethanol, diethyl ether, and chloroform. It is stable under normal storage conditions and should be kept in a cool, well-ventilated area away from strong oxidants.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
2,5-DMP has low acute toxicity, with an oral LD₅0 of approximately 1000 mg/kg in rats. It is not classified as a hazardous substance at low concentrations. However, at high doses, it may cause respiratory tract irritation. As a food additive, it is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA for use as a flavoring agent. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling.
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| Additional Infomation |
2,5-Dimethylpyrazine is a type of pyrazine compound. It has been reported to be present in Streptomyces antioxidans, Zea mays, and other organisms with relevant data. 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
2,5-DMP is a flavoring agent and research compound. It is not an approved drug and has not undergone clinical trials for therapeutic use. Its primary applications are in the food industry as a flavoring agent and in agricultural contexts as an insecticide, fungicide, and nematicide. Preclinical research has investigated its potential anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. It is also used as a building block in organic synthesis and as a reference compound in analytical chemistry. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H8N2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
108.14
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| Exact Mass |
108.068
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| CAS # |
123-32-0
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| PubChem CID |
31252
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
155.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
15 °C
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| Flash Point |
63.9±0.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
4.0±0.2 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.504
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| LogP |
0.64
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
62.9
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC1=CN=C(C)C=N1
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| InChi Key |
LCZUOKDVTBMCMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H8N2/c1-5-3-8-6(2)4-7-5/h3-4H,1-2H3
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| Chemical Name |
2,5-dimethylpyrazine
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 50 mg/mL (462.36 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (23.12 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (23.12 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (23.12 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 9.2473 mL | 46.2364 mL | 92.4727 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.8495 mL | 9.2473 mL | 18.4945 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.9247 mL | 4.6236 mL | 9.2473 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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