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| 10g |
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| Targets |
3-Methylindolin-2-one targets acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. By inhibiting AChE, the compound increases acetylcholine levels in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The compound is a phenolic viral inducer, suggesting interactions with viral replication pathways, though the exact viral targets are not fully characterized. In addition, oxindole derivatives have shown activity against histone deacetylases (HDACs), particularly HDAC1/2/3/6/7/11, suggesting that 3-methylindolin-2-one may also interact with these epigenetic regulators.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 3-Methylindolin-2-one (3-Methyloxindole) acts as an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, which can be measured using the Ellman method (see non-cellular assays). At concentrations of 1-100 uM, the compound inhibits AChE activity in a dose-dependent manner. The compound is also used as a phenolic viral inducer, suggesting potential activity in activating viral gene expression in certain experimental systems. As an endogenous metabolite, it is present in biological fluids at low concentrations. Derivatives of 3-methylindolin-2-one have shown antitumor activity against human tumor cells in vitro, indicating potential applications in cancer research. No other direct cellular activities have been reported for the parent compound.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 3-Methylindolin-2-one (3-Methyloxindole) has been described as a phenolic viral inducer, suggesting that it may be used to experimentally induce viral replication in animal models, though details of such applications are limited. As an endogenous metabolite, it is present in humans and other mammals at low levels. No significant pharmacological activity as a therapeutic has been reported for this compound. Derivatives of 3-methylindolin-2-one have been investigated in animal models for antitumor activity, but the parent compound itself is not typically used in in vivo drug studies. The compound is primarily a research tool.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular assays (enzyme inhibition), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity is measured using the Ellman method. AChE (from electric eel or human recombinant, 0.5 U/mL) is incubated with 3-Methylindolin-2-one (0.1-500 uM) in 100 uL of 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for 10 minutes at 25degC. Then, 50 uL of 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB, 1 mg/mL) and 50 uL of acetylthiocholine iodide (0.5 mM) are added. The reaction proceeds for 5-10 minutes, and absorbance at 412 nm is measured. The percent inhibition is calculated relative to a control without inhibitor. The IC₅0 value is determined from dose-response curves. For butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibition assays, butyrylthiocholine is used as substrate. For HDAC inhibition assays, fluorometric or luminescent assays using acetylated peptide substrates can be performed.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based assays, neuroblastoma cells (e.g., SH-SY5Y, IMR-32) or primary neuronal cells are seeded in 96-well plates (1×10⁴ cells/well) in DMEM with 10% FBS. Cells are treated with 3-Methylindolin-2-one (1-100 uM) for 24-48 hours. Acetylcholinesterase activity can be measured in cell lysates using the Ellman method, or intact cell AChE activity can be assessed using a fluorescent AChE assay kit. Cell viability is assessed by MTT or Alamar Blue assays. For viral induction studies, cells infected with specific viruses are treated with the compound (1-50 uM) for 24-72 hours, and viral gene expression is measured by qPCR or by reporter gene assays. For HDAC activity studies, cell lysates are incubated with fluorogenic HDAC substrate, and fluorescence is measured. For cancer cell studies, various cancer cell lines (e.g., HeLa, MCF-7, A549) are treated with the compound or its derivatives for 24-72 hours, and cell viability is assessed by MTT assay.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, rodent models are typically used for neuropharmacological studies of AChE inhibitors. Mice are administered 3-Methylindolin-2-one (10-100 mg/kg) orally or intraperitoneally. Brain tissues are collected, homogenized, and AChE activity is measured in tissue homogenates using the Ellman method. Alternatively, the compound can be studied in models of neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer‘s disease models) to assess improvements in cognitive function via Morris water maze or novel object recognition tests. For antiviral studies, mice are infected with a virus, then treated with the compound, and viral titers in tissues are measured by plaque assay or qPCR. For antitumor studies, xenograft mouse models are used: nude mice are subcutaneously injected with cancer cells, and when tumors reach ~100 mm3, mice are treated with 3-methylindolin-2-one derivatives (10-100 mg/kg, oral or IP, daily for 14-21 days). Tumor volumes are measured with calipers.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
3-Methylindolin-2-one has a molecular weight of 147.17, a density of 1.123 g/cm3, and a melting point of approximately 120-125degC. The compound is soluble in DMSO (60 mg/mL, ~408 mM) and also soluble in ethanol and methanol. It should be stored as a powder at -20degC for up to 3 years, and in solution at -80degC for up to 1 year or at -20degC for up to 1 month. The compound is stable under normal storage conditions and should be protected from light. For in vivo formulations, a mixture of 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween 80 + 45% saline is recommended for doses up to 2 mg/mL.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
3-Methylindolin-2-one is an endogenous metabolite with low acute toxicity. At typical research concentrations (1-100 uM in cell culture, 10-100 mg/kg in animals), no significant adverse effects have been reported. The compound is not classified as a hazardous substance. However, as an AChE inhibitor, high systemic doses may cause cholinergic side effects including salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, and tremors. Standard laboratory safety precautions for handling organic compounds should be followed.
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| Additional Infomation |
3-Methylindolone is a type of indolone compound with the structure indolone (1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one), where a hydrogen atom at the 3-position is replaced by a methyl group. It is both an indolone and a methylindolone compound.
3-Methylindolin-2-one is a research compound and endogenous metabolite, not an approved drug. No clinical trials have been conducted for therapeutic use. Its primary applications are in biochemical research as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for studying cholinergic signaling, and in virology research as a phenolic viral inducer. The compound is also used in medicinal chemistry as a scaffold for the synthesis of potential anticancer and neuroactive agents. Oxindole derivatives, including 3-methylindolin-2-one-based compounds, have been investigated for their antitumor activity against human tumor cells. The compound is available for research use only and is classified as an endogenous metabolite. |
| Molecular Formula |
C9H9NO
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
147.18
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| Exact Mass |
147.068
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| CAS # |
1504-06-9
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| PubChem CID |
150923
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| Appearance |
White to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
279.3±29.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
117-121ºC(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
157.9±9.2 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.554
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| LogP |
1.64
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
11
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| Complexity |
178
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC1C2=CC=CC=C2NC1=O
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| InChi Key |
BBZCPUCZKLTAJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H9NO/c1-6-7-4-2-3-5-8(7)10-9(6)11/h2-6H,1H3,(H,10,11)
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| Chemical Name |
3-methyl-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 50 mg/mL (339.72 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.99 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.5 mg/mL (16.99 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.99 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.7944 mL | 33.9720 mL | 67.9440 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3589 mL | 6.7944 mL | 13.5888 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6794 mL | 3.3972 mL | 6.7944 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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