| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Microbial Metabolite Human Endogenous Metabolite
L-Gulose serves as an intermediate in the L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) biosynthesis pathway in plants, where it is converted to L-ascorbate. In synthetic chemistry, L-Gulose is a building block for the anticancer drug bleomycin and nucleoside-based antivirals. The compound is a substrate for mannitol-1-dehydrogenase in whole-cell biosynthesis applications. It can be oxidized to L-gulono-1,4-lactone (a precursor to vitamin C). The compound does not have a specific drug receptor target but is used as a pharmaceutical intermediate. |
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, L-Gulose serves as a precursor for the synthesis of the antibiotic and antitumor activities of bleomycin A22. It is also an intermediate in the biosynthesis of L-ascorbate (vitamin C) in plant systems, where it is converted from GDP-L-gulose by GDP-L-gulose phosphorylase and other enzymes. The compound is used as a substrate in enzyme assays for mannitol-1-dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the conversion of D-mannitol to D-fructose and also accepts L-gulose as a substrate in whole-cell biosynthesis systems. L-Gulose is also used as a reference standard in carbohydrate chemistry and metabolomics studies.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, L-Gulose is an intermediate in plant vitamin C biosynthesis. When administered to animals, L-Gulose can be oxidized to L-gulono-1,4-lactone, but since humans and other primates lack the enzyme L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidase, they cannot convert L-gulose to vitamin C. In pharmaceutical research, L-Gulose is used as a building block for the synthesis of therapeutic compounds including anticancer agents (bleomycin) and antivirals. No direct pharmacological activity of L-Gulose itself has been reported as a drug.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular assays (enzyme activity), mannitol-1-dehydrogenase activity can be measured using L-Gulose as a substrate. The reaction mixture (1 mL) contains 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 9.0), 5 mM NAD+, 10 mM L-Gulose, and purified enzyme (10 ug). Incubate at 25degC for 30 minutes, and the production of NADH is monitored at 340 nm. For carbohydrate analysis, L-Gulose is dissolved in water and analyzed by HPLC with a refractive index detector or by GC-MS after derivatization. For plant metabolic studies, GDP-L-gulose can be quantified by LC-MS/MS. L-Gulose can also be analyzed by NMR spectroscopy.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based assays, plant cells or plant tissue cultures (e.g., Arabidopsis thaliana cell cultures) are used to study L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis. Cells are grown in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with appropriate hormones. L-Gulose (0.1-10 mM) is added to the culture medium, and ascorbic acid levels in cells and medium are measured by HPLC-ECD or by colorimetric assay (e.g., using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine). Gene expression of enzymes involved in the L-gulose pathway (e.g., GDP-L-gulose phosphorylase, mannose-6-phosphate isomerase) is analyzed by qPCR. For pharmaceutical intermediate studies, no cell-based activity assays are relevant.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, L-Gulose is not typically administered to animals as a drug. For plant studies, L-Gulose can be infiltrated into plant leaves or supplied to hydroponically grown plants to study ascorbic acid biosynthesis. Leaves are harvested at multiple time points, and ascorbic acid and L-Gulose levels are measured by HPLC. For pharmaceutical development, L-Gulose is used as a building block for synthesis of anticancer drugs (bleomycin) or antivirals, and the final drug products are administered to animals in efficacy studies. L-Gulose itself is not administered directly for pharmacological studies.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
L-Gulose has a molecular weight of 180.16, a density of 1.2805 g/cm3 (estimated), and appears as a white solid or syrup with a sweet taste. It is highly soluble in water (249 mg/mL, approximately 1382 mM). The compound is an L-hexose with the same chemical formula as glucose but different stereochemistry at multiple chiral centers (C2, C3, C4, C5). It should be stored as a powder at -20degC for up to 3 years, and in solution at -80degC for up to 1 year or at -20degC for up to 1 month. The compound is stable under normal storage conditions but may undergo oxidation or degradation if exposed to heat or light for extended periods.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
L-Gulose is a naturally occurring sugar with low toxicity. As a monosaccharide (sugar), it is generally considered safe at typical research concentrations. No acute toxicity studies have been reported. In animal studies, L-Gulose has not been shown to cause significant adverse effects at doses up to 2 g/kg. The compound is not classified as a hazardous substance. Standard laboratory safety precautions for handling sugars and organic compounds should be followed.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Aldehyde-L-gulose is an L-gulose and also an aldehyde-gulose. It is the enantiomer of aldehyde-D-gulose.
L-Gulose is a research compound and endogenous metabolite, not an approved drug. It has not undergone clinical trials for therapeutic use. Its primary applications are in plant physiology research as an intermediate in the vitamin C biosynthesis pathway, and in pharmaceutical chemistry as a building block for the synthesis of anticancer drugs (bleomycin A22) and antiviral agents. L-Gulose is also used as a reference standard in carbohydrate chemistry, metabolomics, and nutritional research. The compound is available for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H12O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
180.16
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| Exact Mass |
180.063
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| CAS # |
6027-89-0
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| PubChem CID |
80127
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.7±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
410.8±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
132ºC
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| Flash Point |
202.2±28.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.2 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.635
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| LogP |
-1.88
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
138
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
C([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](C=O)O)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-JGWLITMVSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h1,3-6,8-12H,2H2/t3-,4+,5-,6-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3S,4R,5S)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 250 mg/mL (1387.66 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (555.06 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.5506 mL | 27.7531 mL | 55.5062 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1101 mL | 5.5506 mL | 11.1012 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5551 mL | 2.7753 mL | 5.5506 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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