| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 25g |
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| 50g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
3-Furanoic acid and its derivatives target inflammation-related signaling pathways. The compound has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of synovial fibroblasts and exerts immunomodulatory effects. In addition, 3-Furanoic acid exhibits hypolipidemic activity in vivo, lowering serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, though the specific molecular targets involved in this activity have not been fully identified. The compound is also an endogenous metabolite involved in normal physiological processes.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 3-Furanoic acid-related derivatives can inhibit the proliferation of synovial fibroblasts, exerting immunomodulatory effects. This suggests potential applications in inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The compound is also used as a reference standard in analytical chemistry for the identification and quantification of furanoic acid derivatives in biological and food samples. No other direct biological activities have been reported for 3-Furanoic acid itself, but its derivatives are known to have anti-inflammatory properties.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 3-Furanoic acid exhibits hypolipidemic activity in rodents. It lowers serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels in mice and rats, indicating potential applications in lipid metabolism disorders. The exact mechanism is not fully understood but may involve modulation of lipid biosynthesis or increased catabolism. In animal models of inflammation, derivatives of 3-Furanoic acid have been shown to reduce inflammatory responses. The compound is an endogenous metabolite and is present at low levels in healthy individuals, with elevated levels in certain conditions including inflammation.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular assays (analytical quantification), 3-Furanoic acid is prepared as a stock solution in methanol or DMSO (10 mM). For LC-MS/MS analysis, a calibration curve for 3-Furanoic acid is prepared in human urine or plasma (0.1-1000 ng/mL). Sample preparation: 500 uL urine or plasma + 1 mL acetonitrile for protein precipitation, followed by centrifugation. The supernatant is injected onto a C18 column with a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in water and methanol (gradient elution). Detection is typically performed using UV at 254 nm (for HPLC) or by MS in negative ion mode (m/z 111 for the [M-H]- ion). For anti-inflammatory assays, COX-2 enzyme inhibition can be measured as described for other compounds.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based assays, synovial fibroblasts (e.g., from rheumatoid arthritis patients or cell lines such as MH7A) are cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS. Cells are seeded in 96-well plates (1×10⁴ cells/well) and treated with 3-Furanoic acid or its derivatives (0.1-100 uM) for 24-72 hours. Cell proliferation is assessed by MTT assay or BrdU incorporation. Inflammatory cytokine production (IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta) in culture supernatant is measured by ELISA. NF-kappaB activation is assessed by Western blot for IkappaB-alpha degradation or by luciferase reporter assay. ROS production is measured using DCFH-DA (10 uM, 30 min).
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, rodent models of inflammation or hyperlipidemia are used. For anti-inflammatory studies, mice are treated with 3-Furanoic acid derivatives (10-100 mg/kg, oral or IP) 1 hour before induction of inflammation by carrageenan (1% in saline, injected into hind paw) or by TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, 2 ug/ear). Paw volume or ear thickness is measured over time. For hypolipidemic studies, mice or rats are administered 3-Furanoic acid (10-50 mg/kg/day, oral) for 7-14 days. Blood samples are collected for measurement of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL using enzymatic colorimetric kits. Liver tissues are collected for lipid content analysis and histology.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
3-Furanoic acid has a molecular weight of 112.08 and a density of 1.322 g/cm3. The compound is soluble in DMSO (50 mg/mL), ethanol, and water. It should be stored as a powder at -20degC (stable for up to 3 years) and in solution at -80degC (stable for up to 1 year). For in vivo formulations, a mixture of 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween 80 + 45% saline is recommended. The compound has a characteristic furan ring with carboxylic acid substitution at position 3.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
3-Furanoic acid has low acute toxicity. As an endogenous metabolite present in healthy individuals, it is generally considered safe at physiological levels. In animal studies, doses up to 100 mg/kg have been well-tolerated without significant adverse effects. At high doses, mild gastrointestinal discomfort may occur. No mutagenicity or carcinogenicity has been reported. Standard laboratory safety precautions for handling organic acids should be followed, including the use of PPE and working in a well-ventilated area.
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| Additional Infomation |
3-Furfuric acid is a furoic acid with a carboxyl group at the 3-position. It is a human metabolite and the conjugate acid of 3-furan esters. It has been reported to be found in Penicillium herquei, Peristeria elata, and other organisms with relevant data.
3-Furanoic acid is a research compound and endogenous metabolite, not an approved drug. It has not undergone clinical trials for therapeutic use. Its primary applications are as an analytical standard in metabolomics and food chemistry, and as a research tool for studying inflammation and lipid metabolism. Derivatives of 3-Furanoic acid have been investigated for potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in preclinical studies. The compound is also used in organic synthesis as a building block for heterocyclic compounds. Classified as an endogenous metabolite, available for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H4O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
112.08
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| Exact Mass |
112.016
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| CAS # |
488-93-7
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| PubChem CID |
10268
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
229.6±13.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
120 - 122 °C
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| Flash Point |
92.7±19.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.5 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.513
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| LogP |
1.03
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
99.8
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1=COC=C1C(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
IHCCAYCGZOLTEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H4O3/c6-5(7)4-1-2-8-3-4/h1-3H,(H,6,7)
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| Chemical Name |
furan-3-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 50 mg/mL (446.11 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (22.31 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (22.31 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 8.9222 mL | 44.6110 mL | 89.2220 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.7844 mL | 8.9222 mL | 17.8444 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8922 mL | 4.4611 mL | 8.9222 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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