| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
2,3-Diaminopropanoic acid hydrochloride is a substrate for aminopeptidase enzymes, which cleave amino acids from the N-terminus of peptides. It does not inhibit asparagine synthetase at concentrations up to 2 mM in partially purified rat Novikoff hepatoma preparations. The compound has also been identified as a non-proteinogenic amino acid and an endogenous metabolite involved in nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis. It targets enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism and peptide bond formation. The compound is not known to have a specific receptor or primary drug target.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 2,3-Diaminopropanoic acid hydrochloride is used as a substrate to study the action of aminopeptidase enzymes. The compound shows no inhibition of asparagine synthetase from partially purified rat Novikoff hepatoma at a final concentration of 2 mM, suggesting it does not interfere with asparagine biosynthesis. It is used in biochemical assays to probe the specificity of enzymes that recognize or process diaminopropanoic acid residues. As a non-proteinogenic amino acid, it is also used in studies of nonribosomal peptide synthesis, where it is incorporated into peptide chains by dedicated synthetases. It serves as a building block for peptide synthesis and as a reference standard in analytical chemistry.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 2,3-Diaminopropanoic acid hydrochloride is an endogenous metabolite found in certain biological systems. It is produced in small amounts and is involved in various metabolic pathways. As a non-proteinogenic amino acid, it is not incorporated into proteins but may play specialized roles in the biosynthesis of nonribosomal peptides, which are secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities. No significant pharmacological activity as a drug has been reported for this compound; its role is primarily in basic biochemical research. The compound is not used therapeutically.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular assays (enzyme activity), aminopeptidase activity is measured using a fluorometric assay. Purified aminopeptidase (10 ug) is incubated with 2,3-Diaminopropanoic acid hydrochloride (0.1-10 mM) or a fluorogenic substrate (e.g., H-Ala-Ala-Phe-7-AMC) in 100 uL of 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5) for 30 minutes at 37degC. The release of 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin is measured by fluorescence (excitation 380 nm, emission 460 nm). For asparagine synthetase inhibition assays, the enzyme is partially purified from rat Novikoff hepatoma. The assay mixture contains 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 10 mM MgCl2, 5 mM ATP, 5 mM L-aspartate, 10 mM L-glutamine, and 0.1-10 mM 2,3-diaminopropanoic acid. After 60 minutes at 37degC, asparagine production is measured by HPLC or a colorimetric assay.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based assays, the compound is rarely used as an active treatment. For peptide synthesis studies, the compound is not used on live cells. For metabolic studies, cells such as Novikoff hepatoma cells can be cultured in RPMI-1640 with 10% FBS and treated with 2,3-diaminopropanoic acid (0.5-5 mM) for 24-48 hours to assess its incorporation into nonribosomal peptides or its effects on cell viability (MTT assay). Asparagine synthetase activity can be measured in cell lysates as described in non-cellular assays. For toxicity studies, LDH release and caspase-3/7 activity can be measured. For aminopeptidase studies, cells are lysed and the enzyme activity in lysates is measured as described above. The compound can also be used as a standard for LC-MS analysis to quantify diaminopropanoic acid levels in biological samples.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, the compound is not typically administered to animals as a drug. For metabolic tracer studies, rats or mice can be administered 2,3-diaminopropanoic acid (10-100 mg/kg, oral or IP). Blood and tissue samples are collected at various time points, and the compound and its metabolites are analyzed by LC-MS/MS. For studies of nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis, specialized model systems (e.g., bacterial cultures) are used. For toxicity studies, animals are observed for signs of acute toxicity after administration. The compound is generally used as a biochemical standard rather than for in vivo efficacy studies. Standard animal handling procedures should be followed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
2,3-Diaminopropanoic acid hydrochloride has a molecular weight of 140.57 and appears as a white to off-white crystalline powder. The melting point is approximately 190-195degC (dec.). The compound is soluble in water (50 mg/mL), slightly soluble in ethanol, and insoluble in organic solvents. It should be stored as a powder at -20degC for up to 3 years, and in solution (water or buffer) at -80degC for up to 6 months or at -20degC for up to 1 month. The pKa values are approximately 2.2 (carboxyl), 6.8 (alpha-amino), and 9.5 (beta-amino). The compound is stable under normal storage conditions and should be protected from moisture and light. The hydrochloride salt form improves water solubility and stability.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
2,3-Diaminopropanoic acid hydrochloride has low acute toxicity. As an endogenous metabolite, it is generally considered safe at physiological concentrations. In animal studies, doses up to 100 mg/kg are well-tolerated with no significant adverse effects. At high doses (≥500 mg/kg), mild gastrointestinal disturbances may occur. The compound is not classified as a hazardous substance. However, standard laboratory safety precautions for handling amino acids and organic compounds should be followed, including the use of PPE and working in a well-ventilated area. No carcinogenicity or mutagenicity has been reported.
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| Additional Infomation |
2,3-Diaminopropanoic acid hydrochloride is a research compound and endogenous metabolite, not an approved drug. It has not undergone clinical trials for therapeutic use. Its primary applications are in biochemical research: as a substrate for studying aminopeptidase enzyme specificity, as a non-proteinogenic amino acid standard for analytical chemistry, and as a reference compound in metabolomics studies. It is also used in the study of nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis and as a building block for peptide synthesis. The compound is NOT intended for human therapeutic use. Available for research use only. The compound is not a drug and has no approved indications.
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| Molecular Formula |
C3H9CLN2O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
140.57
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| Exact Mass |
140.035
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| CAS # |
54897-59-5
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| PubChem CID |
108638
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
325.6ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
231-233 °C (dec.)
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| Flash Point |
150.7ºC
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| LogP |
0.559
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
73.3
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C(C(C(=O)O)N)N.Cl
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| InChi Key |
SKWCZPYWFRTSDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C3H8N2O2.ClH/c4-1-2(5)3(6)7;/h2H,1,4-5H2,(H,6,7);1H
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| Chemical Name |
2,3-diaminopropanoic acid;hydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 100 mg/mL (711.39 mM)
DMSO: < 1 mg/mL |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 16.67 mg/mL (118.59 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 7.1139 mL | 35.5695 mL | 71.1389 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.4228 mL | 7.1139 mL | 14.2278 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7114 mL | 3.5569 mL | 7.1139 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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