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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Tridecanedioic acid targets multiple signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B, and JNK-p38. It inhibits pancreatitis by preventing the conversion of fatty acids into prostaglandins, and exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria including Clostridium perfringens and Staphylococcus aureus. It is also used in the synthesis of bis(tetrahydroisoquinolines) that are cytotoxic to cancer cells but less toxic to healthy cells. The compound is an endogenous metabolite involved in fatty acid oxidation and peroxisomal function.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, tridecanedioic acid has been used in the synthesis of bis(tetrahydroisoquinolines) that exhibit high cytotoxicity against cancer-cell cultures (e.g., HCT-116 colon cancer cells) and noticeable antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the fungal strain Candida albicans. The compound itself is an endogenous metabolite that has been shown to inhibit pancreatitis in cell-based models, likely by inhibiting the conversion of fatty acids into prostaglandins. It also exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as C. perfringens and S. aureus.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, tridecanedioic acid has been used in clinical settings to treat skin atrophy and thyroid hormone resistance, demonstrating its potential in dermatology and endocrinology. It plays an important role in the defense response against the infection of the small cabbage moth (Plutella xylostella) in plants. In animal models, tridecanedioic acid is used as a biomarker for metabolic diseases such as Zellweger syndrome and neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy, where it accumulates in urine due to peroxisomal dysfunction. It is also related to the metabolic regulation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NASH) and may be an important node molecule in the intestinal microbiota-host metabolism interaction network.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular assays (analytical quantification), Tridecanedioic acid is prepared as a stock solution in methanol (1 mg/mL). For GC-MS analysis, samples are derivatized with BSTFA (N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide) to form TMS derivatives. For LC-MS/MS, a calibration curve is prepared in human plasma or urine (0.1-1000 ng/mL). Sample preparation: 500 uL plasma + 1 mL acetonitrile for protein precipitation. After centrifugation, the supernatant is evaporated and reconstituted in mobile phase (0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile, 70:30, v/v). Separation is performed on a C18 column. MRM transitions: tridecanedioic acid 243.3→225.3 (loss of H2O) and 243.3→197.3. For prostaglandin synthesis inhibition assays, cell-free enzyme systems (cyclooxygenase) can be used as described for other dicarboxylic acids.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based assays, pancreatic acinar cells (e.g., AR42J cells) or cancer cells (e.g., HCT-116 colon cancer cells) are seeded in 6-well plates (1×10⁶ cells/well) in DMEM with 10% FBS. Cells are treated with tridecanedioic acid (0.1-100 uM) for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed by MTT assay. For pancreatitis studies, cells are pre-treated with tridecanedioic acid for 2 hours, then stimulated with cerulein (100 nM) or fatty acids to induce acute pancreatic injury. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in culture supernatant are measured by ELISA. For antimicrobial studies, bacterial cultures (e.g., C. perfringens, S. aureus) are grown in Mueller-Hinton broth, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined by serial dilution. Cancer cell cytotoxicity is assessed by MTT after treatment with bis(tetrahydroisoquinoline) derivatives synthesized from tridecanedioic acid.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, rodent models of metabolic diseases are used. For Zellweger syndrome studies, peroxisome-deficient mice (e.g., PEX5 knockout mice) are used, and tridecanedioic acid levels in urine and plasma are measured by LC-MS/MS as a disease biomarker. For pancreatitis studies, mice are administered tridecanedioic acid (10-50 mg/kg, IP) 1 hour before induction of pancreatitis by cerulein (50 ug/kg, IP, hourly for 6 hours). Serum amylase and lipase levels are measured, and pancreatic tissue is collected for histology (H&E staining) and measurement of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha) by ELISA. For plant studies, cabbage plants are infected with Plutella xylostella, and tridecanedioic acid levels in plant tissues are measured by LC-MS to assess defense responses.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Tridecanedioic acid has a molecular weight of 244.33, a melting point of 112-114degC, and a boiling point of approximately 260degC at 15 mmHg. It is a white to off-white solid powder. The compound is soluble in DMSO (25 mg/mL), ethanol (30 mg/mL), and methanol, but has limited solubility in water. The pKa values are approximately 4.5 and 5.5 (two carboxylic acid groups). It should be stored as a powder at -20degC for up to 3 years, and in solution at -80degC for up to 6 months or at -20degC for up to 1 month. The compound is stable under normal storage conditions and should be protected from moisture.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Tridecanedioic acid has low acute toxicity. As an endogenous metabolite present in human urine at low concentrations (micrograms per liter), it is generally considered non-toxic at physiological levels. In animal studies, doses up to 100 mg/kg are well-tolerated. The compound is not classified as a hazardous substance. Standard laboratory safety precautions for handling organic acids should be followed, including the use of PPE and working in a well-ventilated area. No significant adverse effects have been reported.
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| Additional Infomation |
Tridecanedioic acid is an α,ω-dicarboxylic acid formed by the substitution of undecane at the C-1 and C-11 positions with carboxylic acid groups. It is a metabolic product. Tridecanedioic acid has been reported in Arabidopsis thaliana and Trypanosoma brevicornu, and relevant data are available for reference.
Tridecanedioic acid is a research compound and endogenous metabolite, not an approved drug. It has not undergone clinical trials for therapeutic use. Its primary applications include use as a diagnostic biomarker for peroxisomal disorders (neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy, Zellweger syndrome) in clinical settings, as a research tool for studying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NASH) and intestinal microbiota-host metabolism, and as a building block for the synthesis of bis(tetrahydroisoquinoline) derivatives with cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity. In plants, it serves as a defense response biomarker. The compound is also used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries as a raw material for the synthesis of plasticizers and synthetic lubricants. Available for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C13H24O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
244.33
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| Exact Mass |
244.167
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| CAS # |
505-52-2
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| PubChem CID |
10458
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
422.5±18.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
111 °C
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| Flash Point |
223.5±17.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.1 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.475
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| LogP |
3.46
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
12
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| Heavy Atom Count |
17
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| Complexity |
192
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C(CCCCCC(=O)O)CCCCCC(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
DXNCZXXFRKPEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C13H24O4/c14-12(15)10-8-6-4-2-1-3-5-7-9-11-13(16)17/h1-11H2,(H,14,15)(H,16,17)
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| Chemical Name |
tridecanedioic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (409.28 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 2.5 mg/mL (10.23 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.23 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.0928 mL | 20.4641 mL | 40.9283 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8186 mL | 4.0928 mL | 8.1857 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4093 mL | 2.0464 mL | 4.0928 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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