| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| 5g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
D-Glucaric acid potassium has cholesterol-lowering and anti-tumor activities. The compound inhibits tumor cell proliferation and inflammation, and induces apoptosis. It plays a role in detoxification by supporting the body's glucuronidation process, aiding the elimination of toxins, hormones, and carcinogens. The compound's mechanism of action involves the inhibition of beta-glucuronidase, an enzyme that can deconjugate glucuronidated compounds and lead to the reabsorption of toxins and hormones. By inhibiting beta-glucuronidase, D-glucaric acid potassium promotes the excretion of potentially harmful substances. The compound also regulates estrogen metabolism, reducing oxidative stress, and supporting liver health. Its antioxidant properties contribute to its potential for the prevention or treatment of chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer. As a compound formed from oxidizing sugars and present in fruits and vegetables, it may also have effects on carbohydrate metabolism.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, D-Glucaric acid potassium inhibits tumor cell proliferation and inflammation, and induces apoptosis. The compound is used to test the presence of hepatic enzyme induction. In enzyme assays, D-glucuronolactone dehydrogenase oxidizes the potassium salt into D-glucaro-1,4;6,3-dilactone. In cell-based assays, D-glucaric acid potassium is tested for its effects on cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation. The compound's ability to inhibit beta-glucuronidase is measured in vitro using enzyme activity assays. Its antioxidant activity is assessed by measuring its ability to scavenge free radicals or inhibit lipid peroxidation. The compound's effects on estrogen metabolism are studied in vitro using breast cancer cell lines or other estrogen-responsive cells. In studies of liver health, D-glucaric acid potassium is tested for its effects on hepatocyte function and detoxification pathways.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, D-Glucaric acid potassium supports detoxification by aiding the body's glucuronidation process, helping eliminate toxins, hormones, and carcinogens. The compound has cholesterol-lowering and anti-tumor activities. In animal models, D-glucaric acid potassium has been studied for its effects on cholesterol levels, tumor growth, and liver function. It regulates estrogen metabolism, reduces oxidative stress, and supports liver health. D-Glucarate monopotassium can be used as an antioxidant for the prevention or treatment of chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer. However, comprehensive in vivo pharmacokinetic and toxicology studies have not been extensively reported. Further in vivo studies are needed to fully characterize the compound's therapeutic potential and safety profile. The compound is classified as a research chemical and is not approved for human use.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for D-Glucaric acid potassium typically involve the use of beta-glucuronidase. The enzyme is incubated with a substrate (e.g., phenolphthalein glucuronide or 4-methylumbelliferyl glucuronide) in the presence of varying concentrations of D-glucaric acid potassium. The release of the aglycone (phenolphthalein or 4-methylumbelliferone) is measured spectrophotometrically or fluorometrically. The inhibition of beta-glucuronidase activity is calculated from the decrease in product formation. For assays of D-glucuronolactone dehydrogenase, the enzyme is incubated with D-glucaric acid potassium and NAD⁺, and the formation of NADH is measured spectrophotometrically at 340 nm. The oxidation of D-glucaric acid potassium to D-glucaro-1,4;6,3-dilactone is also measured. Typical assay conditions include incubation at 25-37°C in appropriate buffer systems (pH 7.4), with reaction products measured by spectrophotometry or fluorometry.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for D-Glucaric acid potassium are performed using cancer cell lines to study its anti-tumor activity. Cells are cultured in appropriate medium and treated with D-glucaric acid potassium at various concentrations (typically 0.1-10 mM) for 24-72 hours. Following treatment, cell viability is assessed using MTT, CCK-8, or trypan blue exclusion assays. Apoptosis is measured by flow cytometry using Annexin V/propidium iodide staining or by measuring caspase activity. Inflammation is assessed by measuring the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6) by ELISA. For studies of estrogen metabolism, estrogen-responsive cells (e.g., MCF-7 breast cancer cells) are treated with D-glucaric acid potassium, and estrogen metabolism and signaling are assessed. Each experiment includes appropriate controls (untreated cells, vehicle controls) and is performed in triplicate to ensure statistical reliability. The compound is typically dissolved in water or buffer for use in these assays, due to its high solubility.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with D-Glucaric acid potassium are conducted in mouse or rat models of cancer, hypercholesterolemia, or liver disease. Typically, 8-12 week old rodents are used, and the compound is administered via oral gavage at doses ranging from 10-100 mg/kg. In models of cancer, tumor-bearing animals are treated with D-glucaric acid potassium, and tumor growth and metastasis are assessed. In models of hypercholesterolemia, animals are fed a high-fat diet and treated with the compound, and serum cholesterol levels are measured. In models of liver disease, animals are treated with hepatotoxic agents and D-glucaric acid potassium, and liver function is assessed by measuring serum liver enzymes and by histopathological examination. Blood samples are collected to measure compound concentrations and biomarkers of efficacy and toxicity. All animal procedures are conducted in accordance with institutional animal care and use committee guidelines, with appropriate sample sizes (typically n=6-10 per group) to ensure statistical power. The compound is formulated for administration using appropriate vehicles such as water or saline, in which it is soluble. Endpoints include tumor growth, serum cholesterol levels, liver enzyme levels, and histopathological scores.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of D-Glucaric acid potassium are characteristic of a small, highly polar molecule. With a molecular weight of 248.23 g/mol and multiple hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, the compound is highly water-soluble and is expected to have limited oral bioavailability due to its polarity. Following absorption, the compound is distributed primarily in the extracellular space and is rapidly cleared by the kidneys through glomerular filtration. The elimination half-life is likely to be short (hours) due to rapid renal clearance. The compound is metabolized through oxidation and conjugation pathways. Its pharmacokinetic profile makes it suitable for studying renal function and organic anion transport. As with all research chemicals, appropriate pharmacokinetic studies should be conducted to fully characterize the compound's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of D-Glucaric acid potassium has not been extensively characterized in formal toxicology studies. As a compound present in a variety of fruits and vegetables, it is a natural substance that is consumed in the diet and is expected to be relatively non-toxic. The compound has cholesterol-lowering and anti-tumor activities, suggesting potential health benefits. However, comprehensive toxicology studies including acute, subchronic, and chronic toxicity assessments, as well as genotoxicity and reproductive toxicity evaluations, have not been reported. The compound is classified as a research chemical and is not approved for human use. Standard safety precautions should be observed when handling the compound, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment.
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| Additional Infomation |
D-Glucaric acid potassium is a valuable research tool for studying detoxification, cancer prevention, and metabolic health. It is a compound formed from oxidizing sugars, present in a variety of fruits and vegetables. The compound has cholesterol-lowering and anti-tumor activities. It can inhibit tumor cell proliferation and inflammation, and induce apoptosis. D-Glucaric acid potassium plays a role in detoxification by supporting the body's glucuronidation process. In biomedical research, it is studied for its potential to regulate estrogen metabolism, reduce oxidative stress, and support liver health. The compound has the molecular formula C₆H₉KO₈ and a molecular weight of 248.23 g/mol. It is not approved for any clinical indication and is strictly for research use only. Its presence in fruits and vegetables and its potential health benefits make it an interesting compound for nutritional and pharmacological research.
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| Molecular Formula |
C6H9KO8
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
248.23
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| Exact Mass |
247.993
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| CAS # |
576-42-1
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| Related CAS # |
D-Glucaric acid tetrahydrate;5793-89-5
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| PubChem CID |
23674495
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.939g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
766.4ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
188 °C (dec.)(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
431.2ºC
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
15
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| Complexity |
231
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)[O-])O)O)([C@@H](C(=O)O)O)O.[K+]
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| InChi Key |
UBYZGUWQNIEQMH-SBBOJQDXSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H10O8.K/c7-1(3(9)5(11)12)2(8)4(10)6(13)14;/h1-4,7-10H,(H,11,12)(H,13,14);/q;+1/p-1/t1-,2-,3-,4+;/m0./s1
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| Chemical Name |
potassium;(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxy-6-oxohexanoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 31.25 mg/mL (125.89 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 8.33 mg/mL (33.56 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.0285 mL | 20.1426 mL | 40.2852 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8057 mL | 4.0285 mL | 8.0570 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4029 mL | 2.0143 mL | 4.0285 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT07127705
Conditions:Stem Cell SurveillanceProducts are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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