| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10mg |
|
||
| 50mg | |||
| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary targets of ternidazole hydrochloride are anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, including Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia lamblia. In anaerobic organisms, the nitro group of the compound is reduced by a ferredoxin-mediated electron transport system. This reduction generates reactive intermediates, including nitro radicals and other reactive species, which damage DNA and other cellular components, leading to cell death. The compound's antibacterial activity is mediated through similar mechanisms, with the reactive intermediates causing damage to bacterial DNA and proteins. The compound's antioxidant activity may be related to its ability to scavenge free radicals, although this mechanism is less well characterized. As a hydroxymetabolite of nitroimidazole, ternidazole hydrochloride is a metabolite of other nitroimidazole drugs and may contribute to their pharmacological and toxicological effects. The compound's targets are primarily microbial, making it a potential candidate for the treatment of infections caused by anaerobic bacteria and protozoa.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, ternidazole hydrochloride kills and inhibits the visible growth of Clostridium perfringens type A. The compound has antibacterial, antioxidant, and antiprotozoal activities. It has been studied for its effects on bacterial vaginosis, candidal vaginitis, and mixed vaginitis. In antimicrobial assays, ternidazole hydrochloride is tested against various bacterial and protozoal strains to determine its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The compound's activity against anaerobic bacteria is assessed using broth microdilution or agar dilution methods under anaerobic conditions. Its antiprotozoal activity is assessed using culture-based assays with Trichomonas vaginalis or Giardia lamblia. The compound's antioxidant activity is assessed using in vitro assays such as DPPH radical scavenging or ABTS radical scavenging assays. In cell-based assays, ternidazole hydrochloride is tested for its cytotoxicity against various cell lines, although these studies are less common. The compound's mechanism of action, involving the generation of reactive intermediates, suggests that it may have potential for treating infections caused by anaerobic microorganisms.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, ternidazole hydrochloride helps improve therapeutic efficacy against bacterial vaginosis, candidal vaginitis, and mixed vaginitis. The compound has been studied in animal models of these conditions, although detailed in vivo efficacy data are limited. In preclinical studies, the compound is administered to animals via oral or topical routes, and its effects on microbial burden and clinical symptoms are assessed. The compound's pharmacokinetics and metabolism have been studied in the context of nitroimidazole derivative metabolism. As a hydroxymetabolite of nitroimidazole, ternidazole hydrochloride may contribute to the pharmacological and toxicological effects of parent nitroimidazole drugs. The compound's in vivo efficacy against bacterial vaginosis and other infections supports its potential as a therapeutic agent. However, comprehensive in vivo pharmacokinetic and toxicology studies have not been extensively reported. Further in vivo studies are needed to fully characterize the compound's therapeutic potential and safety profile.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme and receptor binding assays for ternidazole hydrochloride are not typical, as the compound's mechanism of action involves reductive activation rather than receptor binding. However, assays can be performed to study the compound's metabolism and its interactions with enzymes involved in nitroreduction. For example, the compound can be incubated with liver microsomes or recombinant nitroreductases, and the formation of reduced metabolites can be measured by HPLC or mass spectrometry. The compound's ability to inhibit bacterial growth is assessed using standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined by broth microdilution or agar dilution methods. For protozoal assays, the compound is incubated with cultures of Trichomonas vaginalis or Giardia lamblia, and the inhibition of growth is assessed by counting viable organisms or by measuring metabolic activity. Typical assay conditions include incubation at 37°C under anaerobic or microaerophilic conditions, depending on the organism being tested. The compound is typically dissolved in DMSO as a stock solution and diluted in culture medium to the desired final concentration.
|
| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for ternidazole hydrochloride are performed using bacterial or protozoal cultures to determine its antimicrobial activity. For bacterial assays, cultures of Clostridium perfringens or other anaerobic bacteria are grown in appropriate medium and treated with ternidazole hydrochloride at various concentrations. Bacterial growth is monitored by measuring optical density at 600 nm or by colony counting. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined as the lowest concentration that inhibits visible bacterial growth. For protozoal assays, cultures of Trichomonas vaginalis or Giardia lamblia are treated with the compound, and the number of viable organisms is counted using a hemocytometer or by measuring metabolic activity (e.g., using resazurin reduction). For cytotoxicity studies, mammalian cell lines (e.g., HeLa, Vero) are treated with ternidazole hydrochloride, and cell viability is assessed using MTT or LDH assays. Each experiment includes appropriate controls (untreated cells, vehicle controls, and positive controls such as metronidazole) and is performed in triplicate to ensure statistical reliability. The compound is typically dissolved in DMSO as a stock solution and diluted in culture medium to the desired final concentration, with the final DMSO concentration kept below 0.1% to avoid solvent effects.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with ternidazole hydrochloride are conducted in mouse or rat models of bacterial vaginosis, candidal vaginitis, or other infections. Typically, 6-8 week old female rodents are used, and the infection is induced by intravaginal inoculation of the pathogenic organism (e.g., Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida albicans). The compound is administered via oral gavage, intraperitoneal injection, or topical (intravaginal) application at doses ranging from 10-100 mg/kg. Following treatment, vaginal swabs are collected to assess microbial burden by culture or by PCR. Clinical signs of infection (e.g., vaginal discharge, inflammation) are scored. At the end of the experiment, animals are euthanized, and vaginal tissues are collected for histopathological examination. Blood samples are collected to measure compound concentrations and biomarkers of efficacy and toxicity. All animal procedures are conducted in accordance with institutional animal care and use committee guidelines, with appropriate sample sizes (typically n=6-10 per group) to ensure statistical power. The compound is formulated for administration using appropriate vehicles such as saline, DMSO/PEG mixtures, or other biocompatible solvents. Endpoints include microbial burden, clinical scores, and histopathological scores.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of ternidazole hydrochloride are studied in the context of nitroimidazole derivative metabolism. As a small molecule with a molecular weight of 221.64 g/mol and moderate lipophilicity, the compound is expected to be well-absorbed following oral administration. The compound is metabolized through hepatic pathways, likely involving nitroreduction and conjugation reactions. The elimination half-life is expected to be relatively short (hours) due to rapid metabolism and clearance. The compound is primarily excreted in urine as metabolites. The pharmacokinetics of ternidazole hydrochloride may be influenced by its formulation, with various vehicles affecting absorption rates and bioavailability. As a hydroxymetabolite of nitroimidazole, the compound's pharmacokinetics may be similar to those of other nitroimidazole drugs such as metronidazole. As with all research chemicals, appropriate pharmacokinetic studies should be conducted to fully characterize the compound's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of ternidazole hydrochloride is related to its properties as a nitroimidazole derivative. Nitroimidazoles can cause genotoxicity and carcinogenicity in animal models, and their use in humans is associated with potential risks. The compound's mechanism of action, involving the generation of reactive intermediates, suggests that it may have the potential for DNA damage and mutagenicity. However, comprehensive toxicology studies including acute, subchronic, and chronic toxicity assessments, as well as genotoxicity and reproductive toxicity evaluations, have not been extensively reported. The compound is classified as a research chemical and is not approved for human use. Standard safety precautions should be observed when handling the compound, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment. As with all chemicals, ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact should be avoided. The compound should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from light and moisture. The potential for genotoxicity should be considered when handling the compound, and appropriate precautions should be taken to minimize exposure.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Ternidazole hydrochloride is a valuable research tool for studying nitroimidazole pharmacology, drug metabolism, and antimicrobial activity. It is a hydroxymetabolite of nitroimidazole with antiprotozoic properties. The compound is a 5-nitroimidazole antibiotic with antibacterial, antioxidant, and antiprotozoal activities. It has the molecular formula C₇H₁₂ClN₃O₃ and a molecular weight of 221.64 g/mol. Ternidazole hydrochloride is also known as 1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole hydrochloride. It is used in research related to drug metabolism and the pharmacokinetics of nitroimidazole derivatives. The compound has been studied for its effects on bacterial vaginosis, candidal vaginitis, and mixed vaginitis. It is not approved for any clinical indication and is strictly for research use only. Its role as a nitroimidazole derivative makes it a useful tool for studying the pharmacology, toxicology, and metabolism of this important class of antimicrobial agents.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C7H12CLN3O3
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
221.64
|
| Exact Mass |
221.056
|
| CAS # |
70028-95-4
|
| Related CAS # |
Ternidazole-d6 hydrochloride;1346599-62-9
|
| PubChem CID |
149468
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Boiling Point |
419.9ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Flash Point |
207.8ºC
|
| LogP |
1.807
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
14
|
| Complexity |
182
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
CC1=NC=C(N1CCCO)[N+](=O)[O-].Cl
|
| InChi Key |
PTXLKVODAFRGDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C7H11N3O3.ClH/c1-6-8-5-7(10(12)13)9(6)3-2-4-11;/h5,11H,2-4H2,1H3;1H
|
| Chemical Name |
3-(2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-1-yl)propan-1-ol;hydrochloride
|
| Synonyms |
2-Methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole-1-propanol monohydrochloride; RefChem:475713; 274-285-7; 70028-95-4; Ternidazole hydrochloride;
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 250 mg/mL (1127.96 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (9.38 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (9.38 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (9.38 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.5118 mL | 22.5591 mL | 45.1182 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9024 mL | 4.5118 mL | 9.0236 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4512 mL | 2.2559 mL | 4.5118 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
