Endogenous Metabolite

DL Glyceraldehyde (5 mM; 24 hours) can inhibit cell migration and viability, arrest the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase, and induce cell apoptosis [1]. DL Glyceraldehyde (5 mM; 24 hours) upregulated the expression of pro apoptotic proteins and downregulated the expression of anti apoptotic proteins in WB experiments [1]. DL Glyceraldehyde can inhibit cellular glycolysis and has a more significant inhibitory effect on the growth of neuroblastoma cells than on Chinese hamster ovary K1 cells [2].

751 rats, oral LD50 5 gm/kg, American Journal of Hygiene, 76(209), 1962 [PMID:14025597]
751 rats, intraperitoneal LD50 2 gm/kg, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 17(814), 1965 [PMID:4379761]

[1]. Regulation of the metabolite profile by an APC gene mutation in colorectal cancer. Cancer Sci. 2012;103(6):1010-1021.

[2]. Effect of DL-glyceraldehyde on mouse neuroblastoma cells in culture. Cancer Res. 1972 Mar;32 (3) :532-4.

Glyceraldehyde is an aldose trisaccharide composed of propanal molecules with hydroxyl groups attached to positions 2 and 3. It plays a role in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), harmful byproducts of aging. Glyceraldehyde is an important metabolite. It has been reported in humans, Salmonella, and Pogostemon cablin. Glyceraldehyde is a tricarbon monosaccharide with the chemical formula C3H6O3. It is the simplest of all common aldoses. It is a colorless, sweet-tasting crystalline solid and an intermediate product of carbohydrate metabolism. Its name comes from the combination of glycerol and aldehyde, as glyceraldehyde is actually a compound formed by replacing one hydroxyl group in the glycerol molecule with an aldehyde group. It is an aldose trisaccharide whose structure contains propanal with hydroxyl groups attached to positions 2 and 3. It participates in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEPs).

---

APC gene mutations occur in the early stages of colorectal cancer development. To gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway associated with APC mutations, we performed semi-quantitative metabolomics analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In vitro experiments compared SW480 cells expressing normal APC and truncated APC. Results showed that in SW480 cells expressing truncated APC, the levels of metabolites involved in the late stages of the intracellular tricarboxylic acid cycle (including succinate, fumarate, and malate) were significantly elevated. In vivo studies revealed that the levels of most amino acids in non-polyp tissues of APC^min/+ mice were higher than in normal tissues of control mice and polyp tissues of APC^min/+ mice. Ribitol levels were decreased in polypoid lesions of APC^min/+ mice and in SW480 cells expressing truncated APC. Ribitol inhibited the growth of APC-mutant SW480 cells but had no effect on the growth of SW480 transfected cells expressing full-length APC. The creatine level in polyp tissues of APC^min/+ mice was significantly higher than that in their non-polyp tissues and normal tissues of control mice. Treatment of SW480 cells with 50 μM creatine significantly increased their growth rate. These findings suggest that APC mutations lead to alterations in energy metabolism pathways, which may be associated with the development and progression of colorectal cancer. (Cancer Sci 2012; 103: 1010–1021)[1]

C3H6O3

90.0779

90.031

56-82-6

DL-Glyceraldehyde-1-13C;70849-18-2;DL-Glyceraldehyde-2-13C;71122-43-5;DL-Glyceraldehyde-13C,d;72599-69-0;DL-Glyceraldehyde-13C3;478529-56-5

751

White to off-white solid powder

1.3±0.1 g/cm3

228.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg

144-145ºC(lit.)

106.0±14.7 °C

0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C

1.454

-1.59

2

3

2

6

43.3

0

O([H])C([H])(C([H])=O)C([H])([H])O[H]

MNQZXJOMYWMBOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C3H6O3/c4-1-3(6)2-5/h1,3,5-6H,2H2

2,3-dihydroxypropanal

DL-Glyceraldehyde; glyceraldehyde; 2,3-Dihydroxypropanal; 56-82-6; Glyceric aldehyde; Glycerose; Propanal, 2,3-dihydroxy-; Glycerinaldehyde;

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage.

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

H2O: 125 mg/mL (1387.66 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (27.75 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 +5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 + to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

---

 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)