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| Targets |
As a stable isotope-labeled compound, L-Serine-13C3 does not exert its effects through binding to specific pharmacological targets in the traditional sense. Instead, its "target" is the metabolic pathways in which L-serine participates. L-serine is a non-essential amino acid that plays a central role in cellular proliferation. It is involved in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, acting as a proteinogenic compound and as a precursor for antibacterial and antifungal agents. In cells, L-serine is incorporated into proteins and serves as a precursor for the synthesis of other important biomolecules including glycine, cysteine, and phospholipids. The ¹³C-labeled version of L-serine enables researchers to track the fate of serine carbons through these various metabolic pathways. By following the ¹³C label using mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, investigators can quantify the flux of serine through different metabolic routes, identify metabolic bottlenecks, and assess the impact of genetic or pharmacological perturbations on serine metabolism. This makes L-Serine-13C3 a powerful tool for studying metabolic diseases, cancer metabolism, and the role of serine in cellular physiology. The compound's "targets" are therefore the entire metabolic network of serine utilization, rather than a specific receptor or enzyme.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
In vitro, L-Serine-13C3 is used as an internal standard and tracer in mass spectrometry and metabolic studies. It is commonly employed in LC-MS/MS or GC-MS assays for the quantification of L-serine and its metabolites in biological samples. The compound is added to samples at known concentrations to correct for matrix effects, extraction efficiency, and instrument variability. As a tracer, L-Serine-13C3 is added to cell culture media to study serine uptake, metabolism, and incorporation into proteins and other biomolecules. In metabolic flux analysis, cells are cultured in media containing L-Serine-13C3, and the incorporation of ¹³C into downstream metabolites is measured over time. This allows researchers to quantify the rates of serine metabolism through various pathways, including the synthesis of glycine, cysteine, and one-carbon units. The high purity (98.9%) and isotopic enrichment of L-Serine-13C3 ensure accurate and reproducible results in these experiments. The compound is soluble in water, facilitating its addition to aqueous cell culture media and biochemical assay buffers. In vitro experiments using L-Serine-13C3 typically involve incubation times ranging from minutes to hours, depending on the metabolic pathway being studied. Samples are collected at various time points, and the ¹³C enrichment of metabolites is measured by mass spectrometry. The data obtained from these experiments provide quantitative information on metabolic fluxes and pathway activities. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, L-Serine-13C3 is used as a tracer to study serine metabolism in whole organisms. Following administration to animals (typically via oral gavage, intraperitoneal injection, or intravenous infusion), the compound is distributed throughout the body and incorporated into various metabolic pathways. Blood and tissue samples are collected at various time points, and the ¹³C enrichment of serine and its metabolites is measured by mass spectrometry. This allows researchers to quantify serine metabolism in different organs and tissues, assess the impact of disease states on serine homeostasis, and evaluate the effects of pharmacological interventions. In metabolic flux analysis in vivo, L-Serine-13C3 is often administered as a bolus or as a continuous infusion, and the labeling pattern of metabolites is analyzed using mathematical models to calculate metabolic fluxes. The compound is also used in stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) experiments for quantitative proteomics, although this application is more common for labeled lysine and arginine. In preclinical studies, L-Serine-13C3 is used to trace the metabolic fate of serine in models of cancer, neurological disorders, and metabolic diseases. The isotope label enables precise tracking of serine metabolism without the need for radioactive tracers, making it safer and more versatile for in vivo studies.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme and receptor binding assays are not typically performed with L-Serine-13C3, as it is not a pharmacologically active compound in the traditional sense. Instead, the compound is used as a labeled substrate or internal standard in enzymatic assays. For example, in assays of serine metabolism, L-Serine-13C3 can be used as a substrate for enzymes such as serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), which converts serine to glycine. The reaction products are analyzed by mass spectrometry to measure enzyme activity and kinetics. Similarly, L-Serine-13C3 can be used to study the activity of other enzymes involved in serine metabolism, including serine racemase, D-serine dehydratase, and phosphoserine phosphatase. In these assays, the enzyme is incubated with L-Serine-13C3 and other necessary cofactors, and the production of labeled products is monitored over time. The use of a labeled substrate allows for the specific detection of enzyme-derived products without interference from endogenous unlabeled metabolites. These assays are typically performed in buffered solutions at physiological pH and temperature, with reaction termination by addition of acid or organic solvent. The reaction products are then analyzed by LC-MS/MS or GC-MS to quantify the labeled products. L-Serine-13C3 is also used in binding studies to investigate the interaction of serine with its transporters and receptors, although these applications are less common.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based experiments with L-Serine-13C3 involve adding the labeled compound to cell culture media and studying its uptake and metabolism. Cells are cultured in standard growth media, and L-Serine-13C3 is added at various concentrations (typically 0.1-10 mM) for varying periods (minutes to hours). Following incubation, cells are harvested, and intracellular metabolites are extracted using organic solvents or perchloric acid. The extracts are then analyzed by LC-MS/MS or GC-MS to measure the ¹³C enrichment of serine and its downstream metabolites. This allows researchers to quantify serine uptake, incorporation into proteins, and conversion to other metabolites such as glycine, cysteine, and one-carbon units. In metabolic flux analysis experiments, cells are cultured in media containing L-Serine-13C3 for several hours or days, and the labeling pattern of metabolites is analyzed to calculate metabolic fluxes. The compound is also used in pulse-chase experiments, where cells are briefly exposed to L-Serine-13C3 (pulse) and then switched to unlabeled media (chase) to study the turnover of serine-containing molecules. Cell viability is routinely monitored to ensure that the labeled compound does not affect cell health. Each experiment includes appropriate controls (unlabeled cells, vehicle controls) and is performed in triplicate to ensure statistical reliability. The high purity and isotopic enrichment of L-Serine-13C3 ensure accurate and reproducible results in these experiments.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with L-Serine-13C3 involve administration of the labeled compound to animals followed by collection of blood and tissue samples for mass spectrometry analysis. The compound is typically administered via oral gavage, intraperitoneal injection, or intravenous infusion at doses ranging from 10-100 mg/kg. Following administration, blood samples are collected at various time points (typically 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 minutes) to measure the appearance and disappearance of labeled serine in the circulation. At the end of the experiment, animals are euthanized, and tissues (liver, kidney, brain, muscle) are collected for analysis. Metabolites are extracted from plasma and tissues, and the ¹³C enrichment of serine and its metabolites is measured by LC-MS/MS or GC-MS. This allows researchers to quantify serine metabolism in different organs and tissues, assess the impact of disease states on serine homeostasis, and evaluate the effects of pharmacological interventions. In metabolic flux analysis experiments, L-Serine-13C3 is often administered as a continuous infusion to achieve steady-state labeling, and the labeling pattern of metabolites is analyzed to calculate metabolic fluxes. All animal procedures are conducted in accordance with institutional animal care and use committee guidelines, with appropriate sample sizes (typically n=4-6 per group) to ensure statistical power. The compound is formulated for administration using appropriate vehicles such as saline or water, in which it is readily soluble.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of L-Serine-13C3 are studied using the isotope label to track the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of L-serine. Following oral or intravenous administration, the compound is rapidly absorbed and distributed to tissues. The ¹³C label allows for the specific detection of administered L-serine in biological samples without interference from endogenous unlabeled serine. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life, volume of distribution, clearance, and bioavailability can be calculated from the concentration-time profiles of labeled serine in plasma and tissues. L-serine is a non-essential amino acid that is synthesized in the human body and is involved in various metabolic pathways. It is transported across cell membranes by amino acid transporters and is metabolized through several pathways, including conversion to glycine by serine hydroxymethyltransferase, conversion to cysteine through the transsulfuration pathway, and incorporation into proteins. The labeled compound enables precise tracking of these metabolic processes. The pharmacokinetics of L-Serine-13C3 are expected to be similar to those of unlabeled L-serine, with rapid distribution and elimination. The compound is soluble in water, facilitating its administration and absorption. The high purity and isotopic enrichment of the labeled compound ensure accurate pharmacokinetic measurements.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of L-Serine-13C3 is consistent with that of natural L-serine, a non-essential amino acid that is synthesized in the human body and is generally recognized as safe at physiological concentrations. L-serine is a normal component of the diet and is involved in various metabolic pathways. The ¹³C label is a stable isotope that does not impart any additional toxicity to the compound. The compound is supplied as a high-purity research chemical for laboratory use only and is not intended for human consumption. Standard safety precautions should be observed when handling the compound, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment. The compound should be stored at room temperature in a dry place, away from light and moisture. As with all chemicals, ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact should be avoided. The compound's safety profile is supported by the extensive use of stable isotope-labeled amino acids in research and clinical diagnostics. There are no known adverse effects associated with the use of L-Serine-13C3 at the concentrations typically used in research applications. However, as with all research chemicals, appropriate risk assessments should be conducted prior to use.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
L-Serine-13C3 is a valuable research tool for metabolic studies, mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy. It is commonly used as an internal standard for the quantification of L-serine in biological samples by LC-MS/MS or GC-MS. The compound is also used as a tracer in metabolic flux analysis to study serine metabolism in cells and tissues. L-serine is one of the non-essential amino acids that plays an important role in cell proliferation and growth. It is involved in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, acts as a proteinogenic compound, and serves as a precursor for antibacterial and antifungal agents. The ¹³C-labeled version of L-serine enables researchers to track the fate of serine carbons through these various metabolic pathways. The compound is not a drug and is not approved for any clinical indication. It is strictly for research use only. Its high purity (98.9%) and isotopic enrichment ensure accurate and reproducible results in analytical applications. The compound is soluble in water for easy preparation of standards and solutions. L-Serine-13C3 is an essential tool for studying cellular metabolism, including metabolic diseases, cancer metabolism, and the role of serine in cellular physiology. Its stable isotope labeling ensures precise and reliable analytical results, enhancing the accuracy of metabolic and pharmacokinetic studies.
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| Molecular Formula |
13C3H7NO3
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| Molecular Weight |
108.07
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| Exact Mass |
108.052
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| CAS # |
201595-68-8
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| Related CAS # |
L-Serine;56-45-1
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| PubChem CID |
71309922
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Index of Refraction |
1.519
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| LogP |
-3.1
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
7
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| Complexity |
72.6
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
O[13CH2][13CH]([13C](=O)O)N
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| InChi Key |
MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-GCCOVPGMSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C3H7NO3/c4-2(1-5)3(6)7/h2,5H,1,4H2,(H,6,7)/t2-/m0/s1/i1+1,2+1,3+1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy(1,2,3-13C3)propanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 125 mg/mL (1156.66 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (925.33 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 9.2533 mL | 46.2663 mL | 92.5326 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.8507 mL | 9.2533 mL | 18.5065 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.9253 mL | 4.6266 mL | 9.2533 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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