| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Heneicosanoic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid that is involved in lipid metabolism. As a fatty acid, it may serve as a substrate for fatty acid oxidation, providing energy for the body. It may also be incorporated into cell membranes, where it can influence membrane fluidity and function. Heneicosanoic acid may interact with various enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, including fatty acid synthases, elongases, and desaturases. It may also interact with fatty acid-binding proteins and transporters. However, specific molecular targets have not been extensively characterized. As a saturated fatty acid, heneicosanoic acid may have different biological effects compared to unsaturated fatty acids. Its role in lipid metabolism and cell membrane structure makes it a useful tool for studying fatty acid biology.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, heneicosanoic acid is used as a research chemical for studying fatty acid metabolism, lipid biochemistry, and related processes. It is used as a standard or reference compound in analytical chemistry for the identification and quantification of fatty acids in biological samples. In cell-based assays, heneicosanoic acid is added to cell culture media to study its effects on cellular lipid metabolism. Cells are cultured in appropriate medium and treated with heneicosanoic acid at various concentrations for varying periods. Following treatment, markers of lipid metabolism, such as fatty acid oxidation, lipogenesis, and triglyceride levels, are measured. Heneicosanoic acid is also used in studies of membrane biology to investigate the effects of fatty acid composition on membrane structure and function. However, detailed in vitro activity data are limited.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, heneicosanoic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid that is found in various natural sources, including plant oils and animal fats. As a component of the diet, it is absorbed in the intestine and incorporated into lipid metabolism pathways. Heneicosanoic acid may be oxidized for energy or incorporated into cell membranes and lipid stores. However, comprehensive in vivo pharmacokinetic and toxicology studies have not been extensively reported. The compound is classified as a research chemical and is not approved for human use. Further in vivo studies are needed to fully characterize the compound's physiological role and therapeutic potential.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for heneicosanoic acid are not well documented. As a fatty acid, it may be a substrate for enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation, such as acyl-CoA synthetase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase, and β-oxidation enzymes. In these assays, the enzyme is incubated with heneicosanoic acid and appropriate cofactors, and the formation of products is measured. The compound may also be used in assays of fatty acid elongation and desaturation. However, specific assay protocols have not been extensively reported. Typical assay conditions would include incubation at 25-37°C in appropriate buffer systems, with reaction products measured by spectrophotometry, fluorometry, or mass spectrometry.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for heneicosanoic acid are performed using various cell lines to study its effects on lipid metabolism. Cells are cultured in appropriate medium and treated with heneicosanoic acid at various concentrations for varying periods. Following treatment, markers of lipid metabolism, such as fatty acid oxidation, lipogenesis, and triglyceride levels, are measured. Cell viability is assessed using standard assays (e.g., MTT, LDH release). Each experiment includes appropriate controls (untreated cells, vehicle controls) and is performed in triplicate to ensure statistical reliability. The compound is typically dissolved in organic solvents such as ethanol or DMSO for use in these assays, due to its limited water solubility.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with heneicosanoic acid are limited. As a dietary fatty acid, heneicosanoic acid is consumed in the diet and is absorbed in the intestine. Studies could be conducted to investigate the effects of heneicosanoic acid on lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, and related physiological processes. In these studies, the compound would be administered via oral gavage or incorporated into the diet, and metabolic parameters would be measured. All animal procedures would be conducted in accordance with institutional animal care and use committee guidelines. However, specific protocols have not been extensively reported.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of heneicosanoic acid are characteristic of a long-chain fatty acid. With a molecular weight of 326.56 g/mol and high lipophilicity, the compound is expected to be well-absorbed following oral administration. Following absorption, the compound is incorporated into chylomicrons and distributed to tissues. It is metabolized through fatty acid oxidation pathways, primarily in the liver and muscle. The elimination half-life is determined by the rate of fatty acid oxidation and clearance. The compound is primarily excreted as carbon dioxide and water. The pharmacokinetics of heneicosanoic acid may be influenced by factors such as lipid metabolism, hormone levels, and dietary fat intake.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of heneicosanoic acid has not been extensively characterized in formal toxicology studies. As a saturated fatty acid that is found in various natural sources, the compound is consumed in the diet and is generally considered safe at normal dietary levels. However, high intake of saturated fatty acids has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The compound is classified as a research chemical and is not approved for human use. Standard safety precautions should be observed when handling the compound, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment. As with all chemicals, ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact should be avoided.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Docosanoic acid is a long-chain fatty acid formed by the oxidation of a methyl group in a docosane molecule to produce the corresponding carboxylic acid. It is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and also a long-chain fatty acid. It is the conjugate acid of docosanoic acid esters. Docosanoic acid has been reported to exist in Hoya crassipes, Hoya pseudolanceolata, and other organisms with relevant data.
Heneicosanoic acid is a valuable research tool for studying fatty acid metabolism, lipid biochemistry, and related processes. It is a long-chain saturated fatty acid with the molecular formula C₂₁H₄₂O₂ and a molecular weight of 326.56 g/mol. Heneicosanoic acid is also known as heneicosylic acid. It is found in various natural sources, including plant oils and animal fats. As a saturated fatty acid with a 21-carbon chain, it is involved in lipid metabolism and may serve as a component of cell membranes. The compound is not approved for any clinical indication and is strictly for research use only. Its role as a long-chain fatty acid makes it a useful tool for studying fatty acid metabolism, lipid biochemistry, and membrane biology. |
| Molecular Formula |
C21H42O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
326.56
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| Exact Mass |
326.318
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| CAS # |
2363-71-5
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| PubChem CID |
16898
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
0.9±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
384.3±5.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
74 - 76 °C
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| Flash Point |
173.1±12.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.9 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.458
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| LogP |
9.81
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
19
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| Heavy Atom Count |
23
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| Complexity |
238
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
CKDDRHZIAZRDBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H42O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-21(22)23/h2-20H2,1H3,(H,22,23)
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| Chemical Name |
henicosanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
Ethanol: 14.29 mg/mL (43.76 mM)
DMSO: 3.33 mg/mL (10.20 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.43 mg/mL (4.38 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% EtOH + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 14.3 mg/mL clear EtOH + stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix well. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.0622 mL | 15.3111 mL | 30.6222 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6124 mL | 3.0622 mL | 6.1244 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3062 mL | 1.5311 mL | 3.0622 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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