| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The compound targets GABAergic neurotransmission. It releases GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) from the cerebral cortex, suggesting modulation of inhibitory neurotransmission. It exhibits anti-anxiety effects in an approach-avoidance conflict situation in rats. It also significantly shortens the plasma half-life of ethanol during acute intoxication. As a cyclic derivative of glutamic acid, it may interact with glutamate receptors.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, (R)-5-Oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid releases GABA from cerebral cortex preparations. It is used to study GABAergic neurotransmission and anxiety-related mechanisms. The compound is a cyclic derivative of glutamic acid and may have effects on glutamatergic signaling. Further in vitro studies are needed to fully characterize its receptor binding and signaling effects.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, the compound exhibits anti-anxiety effects in a simple approach-avoidance conflict situation in rats. It significantly shortens the plasma half-life of ethanol during acute intoxication. As an endogenous metabolite, it is present in mammalian tissues. The compound's effects on GABA release suggest potential central nervous system activity. Further studies are needed to characterize its full pharmacological profile.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro receptor binding assays for GABA receptors involve incubating membrane preparations from cerebral cortex with (R)-5-Oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (1-100 µM) in Tris-HCl buffer at pH 7.4. GABA release is measured by HPLC or using radiolabeled GABA. For enzyme assays, the compound's effects on GABA transaminase or glutamic acid decarboxylase can be evaluated. Binding affinity to glutamate receptors can also be assessed.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell assays, neuronal cell cultures are treated with (R)-5-Oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid at concentrations of 0.1-10 mM. GABA release into the culture medium is measured by ELISA or HPLC. Cell viability is assessed by MTT assay. The compound's effects on neuronal excitability are evaluated by calcium imaging or electrophysiology. Glutamate receptor activity can be assessed by measuring intracellular calcium levels.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies, (R)-5-Oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid is administered to rats via intraperitoneal injection or oral gavage at doses of 10-100 mg/kg. Anti-anxiety effects are evaluated using the approach-avoidance conflict test or elevated plus maze. Ethanol half-life is measured by monitoring blood ethanol levels after ethanol administration. Brain GABA levels are measured by HPLC or LC-MS/MS.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
(R)-5-Oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid has a molecular weight of 129.11 and formula C₅H₇NO₃. It is soluble in water and DMSO. The compound is stable under standard storage conditions. As an endogenous metabolite, it is expected to be absorbed and distributed throughout the body. It is metabolized through normal metabolic pathways. The compound is a cyclic derivative of glutamic acid.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The compound is for research use only. No specific toxicity data are available in the search results. As an endogenous metabolite, it is expected to have low toxicity at physiological concentrations. The compound's effects on GABA release and ethanol metabolism suggest potential effects on the central nervous system at high doses. Standard safety precautions should be followed.
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| Additional Infomation |
5-O-D-proline is the D-enantiomer of 5-oxoproline and is a metabolite. It is a derivative of D-proline and also a type of 5-oxoproline. It is the conjugate acid of 5-oxo-D-proline and also an enantiomer of 5-oxo-L-proline. D-pyroglutamic acid has been reported to exist in Ascochyta medicaginicola, Rehmannia glutinosa, and other organisms with relevant data.
(R)-5-Oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (CAS# 4042-36-8) is an endogenous metabolite and research reagent used primarily in neuroscience research. It has not been investigated in clinical trials nor approved as a therapeutic drug. The compound is used in studies of GABAergic neurotransmission, anxiety, and ethanol metabolism. As the D-enantiomer of pyroglutamic acid, it is distinct from the L-form found in the glutathione cycle. |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H7NO3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
129.11
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| Exact Mass |
129.042
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| CAS # |
4042-36-8
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| PubChem CID |
439685
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
453.1±38.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
155-162ºC
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| Flash Point |
227.8±26.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.4 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.512
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| LogP |
-2.39
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
9
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| Complexity |
154
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
C1CC(=O)N[C@H]1C(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
ODHCTXKNWHHXJC-GSVOUGTGSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H7NO3/c7-4-2-1-3(6-4)5(8)9/h3H,1-2H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t3-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (774.53 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (19.36 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (19.36 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (19.36 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 7.7453 mL | 38.7267 mL | 77.4533 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.5491 mL | 7.7453 mL | 15.4907 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7745 mL | 3.8727 mL | 7.7453 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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