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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Methyl acetylacetate exhibits bioactivity as an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 19,000 nM. It is an endogenous metabolite and may interact with metabolic enzymes. The compound is used in the diagnosis of 2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA thiolase deficiency after isoleucine loading. As a chemical intermediate, it targets synthetic pathways rather than specific biological receptors.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, methyl acetylacetate is used as a substrate or inhibitor in enzyme assays. It inhibits alpha-glucosidase with an IC50 of 19,000 nM. The compound is also used in organic synthesis reactions to produce various heterocyclic compounds. Its activity as an endogenous metabolite suggests it may participate in normal metabolic processes. Further studies are needed to characterize its full biological activity.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, methyl acetylacetate is an endogenous metabolite that has been detected in human urine. It is used as a diagnostic marker for certain metabolic disorders, including propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency and 2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA thiolase deficiency. The compound's role in metabolism and its potential effects on glucose homeostasis are areas of ongoing research.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for alpha-glucosidase inhibition involve incubating the enzyme with methyl acetylacetate (0.1-100 mM) and p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside as substrate in phosphate buffer at pH 6.8. The reaction is monitored spectrophotometrically at 405 nm by measuring the release of p-nitrophenol. IC50 values are determined from dose-response curves. For metabolic studies, the compound is analyzed by GC-MS or LC-MS.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell assays, cells are cultured in medium supplemented with methyl acetylacetate at concentrations of 0.1-10 mM. Cell viability is assessed by MTT assay after 24-72 hours of treatment. The compound's effects on glucose metabolism are evaluated by measuring glucose uptake and alpha-glucosidase activity in cell lysates. Metabolic effects are analyzed by targeted metabolomics using LC-MS/MS.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies, methyl acetylacetate is administered to rodents via oral gavage at doses of 10-200 mg/kg. Blood and urine samples are collected for pharmacokinetic analysis. The compound is quantified by GC-MS or LC-MS. In toxicity studies, the compound has been administered at doses up to 2000 mg/kg for oral toxicity assessment. Tissue distribution and metabolic profiling are performed to understand its disposition.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Like other esters, methyl acetoacetate can be absorbed through the skin. Metabolism/Metabolites Although… similar to other acetate esters, hydrolysis and metabolic degradation occur rapidly, especially since acetoacetate is a common metabolite in mammals. Methyl acetylacetate can be absorbed through the skin. Like other esters, it is expected to be metabolized by esterases to acetoacetic acid and methanol. The compound has been studied for oral toxicity at doses of 0 and 2000 mg/kg. It induced structural chromosomal aberrations and polyploidy at 1.2 mg/mL (10 mM) in short-term treatment with metabolic activation. The compound should be handled with appropriate safety precautions. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Non-Human Toxicity Values
Oral LD50 in rats: 3.0 g/kg Dermal LD50 in rabbits: >10 mL/mg Oral LD50 in male rats: 2.58 g/kg (95% confidence interval: 2.23 - 2.98 g/kg) Oral LD50 in female rats: 3.37 g/kg (95% confidence interval: 2.92 - 3.90 g/kg) For more complete non-human toxicity data on methyl acetoacetate (7 types), please visit the HSDB record page. Methyl acetylacetate has been studied for toxicity. It induced structural chromosomal aberrations and polyploidy at 1.2 mg/mL (10 mM) on short-term treatment with an exogenous metabolic activation system and on continuous treatment. Oral toxicity studies have been conducted at doses up to 2000 mg/kg. The compound is for research use only. Skin absorption is possible. Appropriate safety measures should be taken. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Methyl acetoacetate is a colorless, transparent liquid. Its flash point is 158°F (70°C). It is denser than water and slightly soluble in water. Its vapor is heavier than air. Methyl acetoacetate is a carbonyl carboxylic acid.
Methyl acetylacetate (CAS# 105-45-3) is a chemical reagent and endogenous metabolite used primarily in organic synthesis and as a research tool. It has not been investigated in clinical trials nor approved as a therapeutic drug. The compound is used in pharmaceutical synthesis and as a diagnostic marker for metabolic disorders. It is also used in studies of alpha-glucosidase inhibition and glucose metabolism. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H8O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
116.12
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| Exact Mass |
116.047
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| CAS # |
105-45-3
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| Related CAS # |
Methyl acetylacetate-13C4;107694-17-7
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| PubChem CID |
7757
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
169.4±8.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
-112 °F (USCG, 1999)
; -80 °C
; -80 °C
; -27 °C
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| Flash Point |
61.6±18.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
1.5±0.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.399
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| LogP |
0.19
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
8
|
| Complexity |
106
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
CC(CC(OC)=O)=O
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| InChi Key |
WRQNANDWMGAFTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H8O3/c1-4(6)3-5(7)8-2/h3H2,1-2H3
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| Chemical Name |
methyl 3-oxobutanoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 100 mg/mL (861.18 mM)
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (861.18 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.53 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.53 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.53 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 8.6118 mL | 43.0589 mL | 86.1178 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.7224 mL | 8.6118 mL | 17.2236 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8612 mL | 4.3059 mL | 8.6118 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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